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Author:   J. Erik Jorpes ,  Viktor Mutt ,  Miklos Bodanszky ,  R. Carratu
Publisher:   Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG
Imprint:   Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
Volume:   34
Weight:   1.000kg
ISBN:  

9783540059523

ISBN 10:   3540059520
Pages:   388
Publication Date:   30 July 1973
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Out of Print
Availability:   Out of stock  

Table of Contents

I Secretin and Cholecystokinin (CCK). With 42 Figures.- A. Secretin.- I. Secretin.- 1. The Exocrine Function of the Pancreas and the Discovery of Secretin.- 2. Purification and Isolation of Secretin.- 3. The Chemical Structure of Secretin.- 4. Synthesis of Secretin.- II. Cholecystokinin (CCK).- 1. The Discovery of Cholecystokinin.- 2. The Isolation of Cholecystokinin.- 3. Chemical Structure of CCK.- 4. Urocholecystokinin.- 5. The Pancreozymin Activity of Cholecystokinin.- 6. Terminology, Cholecystokinin (CCK) or Cholecystokinin-Pancreozymin (CCK-PZ).- B. Common Aspects on the Gastrointestinal Hormones.- I. Common Features in the Chemical Structure of the Gastrointestinal Hormones.- 1. Secretin-Glucagon.- 2. Gastrin-Cholecystokinin-Caerulein.- 3. Cholecystokinin-Thyrocalcitonin.- 4. Amidation of the C-Terminal Carboxyl Group.- II. Biologically Active Breakdown and Synthetic Products.- 1. Secretin and Glucagon.- 2. Cholecystokinin.- 3. Gastrin and Caerulein.- 4. The Importance of the Tyrosine Ester Sulfate for the Biological Activity.- III. The Occurrence and Distribution of the Hormones in the Gastrointestinal Tract.- 1. Secretin.- 2. Cholecystokinin.- 3. The Distribution of Gastrin.- 4. The Cell Layer of the Mucosa Carrying Secretin and Gastrin.- 5. Subcellular Distribution.- IV. The Release of the Gastrointestinal Hormones.- 1. Neural Influences on the Release of the Gastrointestinal Hormones.- 2. Chemical Stimuli for the Release of Secretin and CCK.- 3. Ionic Mechanisms for the Accumulation and Release of Secretin, Gastrin and CCK.- 4. Absorption from the Intestine.- V. The Disappearance of the Gastrointestinal Hormones from the Circulating Blood.- 1. Half-life Times.- 2. Loss of Secretin during Passage through the Liver.- 3. The Fate of CCK, Gastrin, Pentagastrin and Glucagon during Passage through the Liver.- C. Biological Actions of the Gastrointestinal Hormones.- I. Actions of the Gastrointestinal Hormones on the Pancreas.- 1. Oxygen Consumption of the Pancreas under the Influence of Secretin and Cholecystokinin.- 2. Action of Secretin on the Pancreatic Blood Flow.- 3. The Action of Secretin, CCK, Gastrin and Glucagon on the Pancreatic Secretion.- II. Secretin, Glucagon, CCK and the Brunner's Glands.- III. Action of the Gastrointestinal Hormones on the Liver and the Gallbladder.- 1. The Influence of the Hormones on the Bile Flow.- 2. Action of CCK, Gastrin, Glucagon and Secretin on the Gallbladder.- IV. Influence of Secretin, CCK and Glucagon on Gastric Secretion.- 1. The Acid Secretion from the Stomach.- 2. Hormonal Influences on the Secretion of Pepsin.- V. Potentiation of the Effect of the Gastrointestinal Hormones.- VI. The Action of Secretin, CCK, Gastrin and Glucagon on Gastric Motility.- 1. Secretin.- 2. Cholecystokinin.- 3. Gastrin.- 4. Glucagon.- VII. Influence of CCK on the Sphincter of Oddi and on Intestinal Peristalsis.- 1. The Sphincter of Oddi.- 2. A Neural Component in the Action of CCK on the Intestine.- 3. The Action of Gastrin, Caerulein and Glucagon on the Intestine.- 4. Cholecystokinin for the X-Ray Analysis of the Jejuno-Ileum.- VIII. Miscellaneous Biological Effects of Secretin and Cholecystokinin.- 1. The Diuretic Effect of Secretin and Glucagon.- 2. The Release of Insulin.- 3. Release of Free Patty Acids.- 4. The Influence of Secretin and CCK on the Thoracic Lymph Flow.- 5. Toxic Effects of Secretin and Cholecystokinin Preparations.- D. The Bioassay of Secretin and Cholecystokinin.- I. The bioassay of secretin.- 1. In dogs.- 2. In cats.- 3. In rats.- 4. Secretin standards.- 5. The levels of strength of the different secretin units and standards.- II. On the bioassay of cholecystokinin preparations.- 1. The choice of unit.- 2. Determination of the Ivy dog unit.- 3. The Ljungberg technique with the guinea pig gallbladder in situ.- 4. The Amer and Becvar technique with strips of rabbit gallbladder in vitro.- 5. The assay of pancreozymin activity.- 6. Urocholecystokinin.- References.- II The Synthesis of (Porcine) Secretin. With 6 Figures.- A. Introduction.- B. Strategies.- C. Attempted Synthesis of Secretin on a Solid Support.- D. Synthesis of Secretin by the Stepwise Approach (Through Isolated Intermediates).- E. Synthesis of Secretin by Fragment Condensation.- F. The Conformation of Secretin.- G. Conclusions.- References.- III The Secretory Process in the Pancreatic Exocrine Cell: Morphologic and Biochemical Aspects. With 16 Figures.- A. Route and Timetable of Intracellular Transport in Resting Exocrine Cells.- B. Metabolic Requirements for Intracellular Transport over the RER-Condensing Vacuole-Pathway (steps 2-4).- C. Metabolic Aspects of Condensing Vacuole Transformation.- D. Studies on Zymogen Granule Discharge.- I. Radioassay for Zymogen Discharge.- Assumptions Involved in the Interpretation of the Radioassay.- 1. Source of Discharged Proteins.- 2. Effect of Secretogogues on Rates of Protein Synthesis and of Intracellular Transport.- E. Metabolic Requirements for Zymogen Granule Discharge.- References.- IV The Secretin Test. With 7 Figures.- A. General Introduction.- I. Secretin.- II. Pancreozymin-Cholecystokinin.- B. The Secretin Test of Pancreatic Function.- I. Physiologic Effects of Secretin.- II. Historical.- III. Methodology of the Secretin Test at Mount Sinai Hospital.- IV. Variants of the Secretin Test.- V. The Submaximal Secretin Test: Normal Results.- VI. The Maximal Secretory Response of the Pancreas to Secretin.- VII. The Effect of Age and Sex on Pancreatic Secretion.- VIII. Effect of Route of Administration of Secretin.- IX. Results with Synthetic Secretin Preparations.- X. Cytology.- XI. Results of the Secretin Test in Inflammatory and Neoplastic Disease.- C. Secretin-Pancreozymin Tests of Pancreatic Function.- I. Historical.- II. The Secretin-Pancreozymin Test.- III. The Pancreozymin-Secretin Test.- D. Serum Enzyme Tests in the Diagnosis of Pancreatic Disease.- References.- V On the Use of Cholecystokinin in the Roentgenological Examination of the Extrahepatic Biliary Tract and Intestines. With 17 Figures.- 1. Gall Bladder and Cholecysto-Cystic Junction.- 2. Sphincter of Oddi.- 3. Intestines.- References.- VI Gastrointestinal Hormones and Islet Function. With 37 Figures.- I. Introduction.- II. Historical Review.- III. Some Remarks on the Chemical Structure, Extra-insular Actions and Sites of Origin of the Gastrointestinal Hormones.- 1. Gastrin.- 2. Cholecystokinin-Pancreozymin (CCK-PZ).- 3. Secretin.- 4. Caerulein.- 5. Enteroglueagon.- IV. The Pharmaco-Chemical (or Pharmaeo-Dynamie) Approach to the Intestinal Factor in Question.- V. Reaction of the Intestinal Hormones in Response to Ingestion of Food.- VI. Chemical Configuration and Endocrine Action of the Intestinal Hormones. The Role of the Exocrine Pancreas in the Regulation of Islet Function by Intestinal Hormones.- VII. Reestablishment of the Primary Role of Non-Physiological Glucose Levels in Regulating Insulin and Glucagon Secretion, Irrespective of Cholecystokinin-Pancreozymin and Secretin Action.- VIII. The Significance of Intestinal Modulation of Islet Function.- IX. Summary and Conclusions.- References.- VII The Use of Cholecystokinin in the Roentgenological Examination. Clinical Aspects. With 10 Figures.- I. Introduction. Early History.- II. Cholecystokinin and the Evacuation of the Gallbladder.- 1. In Healthy Subjects.- 2. The Pathology of Gallbladder Evacuation.- 3. Side Reactions.- III. Cholecystokinin and the Common Bile Duct.- 1. Retrograde Visualization of the Bile Ducts.- 2. Cholecystokinin and Visualization of the Common Bile Duct.- IV. Cholecystokinin, the Sphincter of Oddi and Duodenal Motility.- Cholecystokinin and the Postoperative Choledochus.- a) The cystic duct stump syndrome.- b) Transhepatic percutaneous cholangiography.- c) Oil-ether infusion into the common duct.- d) Cholecystokinin and other compounds acting on the sphincter of Oddi.- V. The Use of Cholecystokinin in Endoscopy.- a) Duodenoscopy.- b) CholecystoMnin in laparoscopy.- c) Cholecystokinin and transvesicular cholangiography (Royer camera).- d) Cholecystokinin and pancreatography.- VI. Cholecystokinin in the Scintigraphy of the Gallbladder and Pancreas.- a) Scintigraphy of the gallbladder.- b) Cholecystokinin in pancreatic scintigraphy.- VII. Cholecystokinin and Duodenal and Ileal Peristalsis.- a) Cholecystokinin and duodenal peristalsis.- b) Cholecystokinin and the ileal peristalsis.- VIII. Conclusions.- References.- Author Index.

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