Overview

The objective of this study was to increase the understanding of damage in composite materials with through-the-thickness reinforcements. As a first step it was necessary to develop new ultrasonic imaging technology to better assess internal damage of the composite. A useful ultrasonic imaging technique has been successfully developed to assess the internal damage of composite panels. The ultrasonic technique accurately determines the size of the internal damage. It was found that the ultrasonic imaging technique was better able to assess the damage in a composite panel with through-the-thickness reinforcements than by destructively sectioning the specimen and visual inspection under a microscope. Microscopic determination of crack location and lengths in a composite panel with through-the-thickness reinforcements was almost impossible. Five composite compression-after-impact panels were tested. The compression-after-impact strength of the panels with the through-the thickness reinforcements was almost twice that of the comparable panel without through-the-thickness reinforcement. REFERENCES 1. B.T. Smith, J.S. Heyman, A.M. Buoncristiani, Earl D. Blodgett, J.G. Miller, and S.M. Freeman, Correlation of the Deply TechniQue with the Ultrasonic Imaging of Impact Damage in Graphite/Epoxy Composites, Materials Evaluation, vol. 47, NO. 12, December 1989, pp 1408-1416. 2. NASA Tech Briefs, June 1987, p. 28. 3. P.M. Gammel, Improved Ultrasonic Detection using Analytic Signal Magnitude. Ultrasonics, Vol. 19, March 1981, pp 73-76. 4. R.C. Heyser, Determination of Loudspeaker Signal Arrival Times Part ~ Journal of the Audio Engineering Society, Vol. 19, Dec. 1971, pp 902-905.

Full Product Details

Author:   Donald O. Thompson ,  Dale E. Chimenti
Publisher:   Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
Imprint:   Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
Edition:   Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1991
Volume:   10
ISBN:  

9781461366669

ISBN 10:   1461366666
Pages:   2304
Publication Date:   14 June 1992
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Paperback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   In Print  
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Table of Contents

Low-Temperature Photothermal Measurements of High-TC Superconductors.- Time Resolved Optical Detection of Electron Loss and Migration in CdS.- The EDDY Current Sensing of Gallium Arsenide Crystal Growth: Calculated Response.- Holographic Inspection of Wafers for Sub-Micron Defect Detection.- X-Ray Tomographic Techniques for Inspection of Electronic Components.- IC Chip Package Inspection with an Amplitude and Phase Scanning Acoustic Microscope.- High-Resolution Thermal Wave Imaging of Surface and Subsurface Defects in IC Metal Lines.- Determination of Degree of Thermal Barrier Coating Disbonding by Time-Resolved Infrared Radiometry (TRIR).- Infrared Thermal Wave Studies of Coated Surfaces.- Ultrasonic Evaluation of Low Density Powder Compacts.- Quantitative MRI Measurement of Binder Distributions in Green-State Ceramics.- Surface Acoustic Wave Probing of Ceramic Bearing Balls.- Optical Fiber-Based Sensing of Strain and Temperature at High Temperature.- A Fiber Optic RF Resonant Cavity Sensor for Strain Sensing-Forrcs.- The Detection of Damage and the Measurement of Strain within Composites by Means of Embedded Optical Fiber Sensors.- Evaluation of Optical Fiber Bending Transducer Development for Smart Structure Applications.- Cure Monitoring of Composites Using Multiple Acoustic Waveguides.- Smart Structures a Damage Detection Concept.- Wave Scattering by an Inclusion Having Imperfect Interfaces with the Matrix.- Analysis of Bond Quality by Resonant Ultrasound.- Interface Characterization by True Guided Modes.- The Reflection of Ultrasound from Interface Layers in Adhesive Joints.- Ultrasonic Reflectivity Determination of Interfacial Properties in Adhesive Joints of Aluminum Alloys.- Characterization of Glued Bonds Using Ultrasonic Reflected Beam.- Sonic Inspection of Bonds in Viscoelastic Composites.- Impedance Profiling for Bond Strength Evaluation.- Application of Lamb Waves for Evaluation of Lap-Shear Adhesive Joints.- An Ultrasonic Resonance Method to Determine the Acoustic Velocity of Thin Adhesive Layers.- Numerical Comparison of Experimentally Measured Ultrasound through a Multilayered Specimen.- Numerical Simulations of Thermal Detection of Disbonds in Lap Joints.- Thin Bondline Measurement of Adhesively Bonded Metallic Aircraft Structures using an Ultrasonic Analyzer.- Bond Strength Evaluation in Dissimilar Materials.- Characterization of Diffusion Bonds Using an Acoustic Microscope.- Transient Response of a Four-Ply Fiber Composite Laminate to an Internal Line Source.- Reflection and Transmission Phenomena for Transient Stress Waves in Fiber Composite Laminates.- Application of Time Dependent Green's Function Method to Scattering of Elastic Waves in Anisotropic Solids.- Ultrasonic NDE for Ceramic- and Metal- Matrix Composite Material Characterization.- Permittivity Characteristics of Kevlar, Carbon Composites, E-Glass, and Rubber (33% Carbon) at X-Band (8-12 GHZ).- Elastic Characterization of Orthotropic Composite Materials from Ultrasonic Inspection through Non-Principal Planes.- Nondestructive Determination of Elastic Constants of Composite Materials.- Ultrasonic Measurement of Elastic Constants for Composite Overlays.- Effect of Particle Orientation on the Elastic Anisotropy of Al/SiCp Metal Matrix Composites.- One Sided Inspection for Elastic Constant Determination of Advanced Materials.- Harmonic Generation Measurements in Unidirectional Graphite/Epoxy Composites.- Measurements of Elastic Constants of Thin Al2O3 and SiC/Al Composite using Coupled Ultrasonic Plate Modes.- Ultrasonic Modulus Determination in Composite Media.- Acoustic Emission Waveform Analysis in Composites.- Scattering of Lamb Waves in a Composite Plate.- Scattering of Impact Wave by a Crack in Composite Plate.- Damage Tolerance and NDE of Polymeric Composites.- Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation of Cracked Composite Laminates.- Anisotropic Gauss-Hermite Beam Model Applied to through-Transmission Inspections of Delaminations in Composite Plates.- Guided Waves for Porosity Estimation in Complex Shaped Structures.- Characterization of Composite Laminates using Combined LLW and PBS Methods.- Positron Testing of Carbon-Fiber Composites.- Ablation Measurements in Thick Composite Materials.- Towards a Quantitative Ultrasonic NDE of Thick Composites.- Defects in Thick Composites and Some Methods to Locate Them.- NDE of Thick Composites in the Aerospace Industry - An Overview.- NDE Requirements for Thick Marine Composites.- Characterization of Porosity in Thick Graphite/Epoxy Composites.- Some Elastic Moduli of Three Thick Composites.- Damage Assessment and Residual Compression Strength of Thick Composite Plates with Through-The-Thickness Reinforcements.- Ultrasonic Characterization of Multilayered Thick Composite Plates.- Response of a Thick Orthotropic Composite Material to Dynamic Surface Line Loads and the Application to Elastic Constant Determination.- Model-Based Iterative Flaw Sizing for Thick Composites.- Measurement of the Hydride Content in Zr-Nb Pressure Tubes by the Third Order Elastic Constants.- Determination of Elastic Constants of Anisotropic Solids from Group Velocity Data.- Determination of Elastic Constants of Anisotropic Materials from Oblique Angle Ultrasonic Measurements I: Analysis.- Determination of Elastic Constants of Anisotropic Materials from Oblique Angle Ultrasonic Wave Measurements II: Experimental.- Nonlinear Acoustics, a Technique to Determine Microstructural Changes in Materials.- Influence of Microstructure on Ultrasonic Velocity in Nimonic Alloy PE16.- Nondestructive Methods for Determination of Mechanical Properties of Aluminum and Titanium Alloys.- Nondestructive Determination of Hardening Depth in Induction Hardened Components by Ultrasonic Backscattering.- Ultrasonic Backscattering from Polycrystalline Aggregates using Time-Domain Linear Response Theory.- A Technique for Quantitatively Measuring Microstructurally Induced Ultrasonic Noise.- Measurement of Material Constants for the Surface Impedance Boundary Condition.- A New Infrared Measurement Method for Determination of Anisotropic Thermal Conductivities of Plastic Foils.- Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry in Characterizing Rock Fracture.- Review and Statistical Analysis of the use of Ultrasonic Velocity for Estimating the Porosity Fraction in Polycrystalline Materials.- Ultrasonic Sensing of Porous Granular Media.- Applications of Ultrasonic Microscopy to the Evaluation of Ceramic Materials.- Digital Radioscopic Examination of Ancient Bronze Castings.- X-Ray Computed Tomographic Inspection of Castings.- The Application of QNDE to the Test of Piles.- Anharmonicity, Piezoelectricity, and Solid State Nonlinearity.- Acoustic Nonlinearity in Dispersive Solids.- Second Order Nonlinearities and their Application in NDE.- Acoustic Nonlinearity in Metal - Matrix Composites.- The Role of Nonlinearities in Propagation, Reflection, and Transmission of Stress Waves and Possible Applications to NDE.- Ultrasonic Detection of Nonlinear Mechanical Behavior of Adhesive Bonds.- Higher Order Nonlinearity Measurement Techniques in Thin Adhesive Layer.- Non Linear Correlation between Statistically Sensitive Ultrasonic Features and the Strength of Composite Adhesive Joints.- Acoustic Nonlinearities Produced by a Single Macroscopic Fracture in Granite.- Microstress Contrast in Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy of Ceramics.- Leaky Rayleigh Wave Inspection under Surface Layers.- Crack Initiation and Arrest under Dynamic Loading.- Ultrasonic Detection of Cracks below Bolts in Aircraft Skins.- Detection of Magnetic Oxide Filled Cracks in Steel.- Acoustic Emissions from Microindentation Fracture Toughness Tests.- Acoustic Emission Monitoring of a Ground Durability and Damage Tolerance Test.- Experimental Plate Wave Dispersion Analysis.- Characterization of Microstructural Effects on Fatigue Crack Closure.- A Parametric Finite Element Study of a Generic Crack Sizing Problem.- The Ultrasonic Measurement of Stress on Ferrous Plate using Pulsed Electromagnet Magnetostrictive Emat Probes.- Comparison of the Continuum Model Approach of Acoustic Wave Propagation to Discrete Model Approach: Application to Acoustoelasticity.- Effects of Uniaxial Stress on Magnetoacoustic Emission Spectra of Steel.- Ultrasonic Wave Propagation in Inhomogeneous, Anisotropic Cast Stainless Steel.- Phase Mapping of Ultrasonic Fields Passed through Centrifugally Cast Stainless Steel.- Ultrasonic Measurement of the Earing Behavior of Aluminum Plate.- Use of Lame Mode Properties in the Determination of Texture Parameters on AL Plates.- Propagation of Elastic Waves in Equiaxed Iron Polycrystals with Aligned [001] Axes.- AC Magnetic Field Amplitude Dependence of Magnetoacoustic Emission Spectra and Effects of Temper Embrittlement of HY80 Steel.- Detection of Temper Embrittlement in Steels using Magnetic Inspection Methods.- Development of Magnetic Inspection Techniques for Evaluation of Fatigue Damage and Stress in Low Alloy Steels.- Microwave Thickness Measurements of Magnetic Coatings.- A Functional Prototypic Instrument for the Ultrasonic Measurement of Formability (R-Bar, Delta-R on Steel and Textural Weights W400, W420, W440 on Aluminum).- Evaluation of an Automated Ultrasonic Scanner.- Design and Fabrication of an Industrial-Grade Instrument to Measure Texture and Predict Drawability in Sheet Metal.- Nortec 30 Eddyscan Portable Flaw Imaging for Aging Aircraft.- Scanning Heterodyne Micro-Interferometer for High Resolution Contour Mapping.- Neutron Radiography with SNRS.- An Advanced Neutron Radiography System.- A High Speed and Low Cost Data and Image Processing System using DSP TMS320C25 and an IBM-PC.- A Laser/EMAT Concurrent Weld Inspection System.- Apropriate Ultrasonic System Components for NDE of Thick Polymer-Composites.- A Combined ACFM-SMFM System for Real-Time Detection and Sizing of Surface Cracks in Metals.- X-Ray Computed Tomography for the Aircraft/Aerospace Industry.- Production and Field Inspection of Composite Aerospace Structures with Advanced Shearography.- A System of Non Contact Microtropography.- Automatic Fringe Analysis.- Application of Large-Scale Analysis Techniques to a Man-Portable Limited-Scope Environment.- In-Process Ultrasonic Thickness Metrology Applied to Steel Parts of Rotation.- Thin Rod Flexural Acoustic Wave Devices: A Sensor Candidate.- A Thermal Wave Technique to Determine Thermal Diffusivities of Polymer Foils.- Infrared Thermal Wave Studies of Composites.- Temporally Resolved IR Thermography of a Running Engine.- Non-Destructive Evaluation in Manufacturing using Spectroscopic Ellipsometry.- Eddy-Current Technique for Sub-Surface Temperature Measurement in a Cast Steel Strand.- Cross Section Measurement of Long Cylindrical Products without Contact using Long Cylindrical Coils.- Real-Time Radiographic Investigation of Weld Pool Depression.- Process Monitoring Techniques using Acoustic Waves.- Nuclear Power Plant Costs as a Function of NDE Reliability.- Manufacture of Reference Defects for NDE through Hot Isostatic Pressing.- A Self-Calibrating Eddy-Current Instrument.- The Effect of Equipment Bandwidth and Center Frequency Changes on Ultrasonic Inspection Reliability: Are Model Results too Conservative? (a).- QNDE Topical Forum Total Quality Management - TQM.

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