Overview

The word psychology has had several different meanings from ancient to mod- ern times. Here is its present definition: Psychology is the science that studies the behav- ior of organisms. This definition should guide you throughout your study of this book. Three words in the definition merit special attention: (1) science (2) behavior (3) organisms Modern psychology is considered a science because it bases its conclusions on data, information obtained by systematic observations. Behavior has three aspects: (1) cognitive processes (2) emotional states (3) actions Cognitive processes refer to what an individual thinks. Emotional states refer to what an individual feels. Actions refer to what an individual does. Every living being is considered an organism. As a result, the study of psychology will legitimately involve the actions of dogs, rats, pigeons, and monkeys. Psychological studies have been conducted on such animals. People, on the other hand, have historically been the primary subject of psychology. When animals are used in research, the implicit aim is mostly to see if studying simple processes like learning and motivation in animals will help us better understand human behavior.

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