Overview

Atmospheric particles are ubiquitous in the atmosphere: they form the seeds for cloud droplets and they form haze layers, blocking out incoming radiation and contributing to a partial cooling of our climate. They also contribute to poor air quality and health impacts. A large fraction of aerosols are formed from nucleation processes – that is a phase transition from vapour to liquid or solid particles. Examples are the formation of stable clusters about 1 nm in size from molecular collisions and these in turn can grow into larger (100 nm or more) haze particles via condensation to the formation of ice crystals in mixed phase or cold clouds. This book brings together the leading experts from the nucleation and atmospheric aerosols research communities to present the current state-of-the-art knowledge in these related fields. Topics covered are: Nucleation Experiment & Theory, Binary, Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Nucleation, Ion & Cluster Properties During Nucleation, Aerosol Characterisation & Properties, Aerosol Formation, Dynamics and Growth, Marine Aerosol Production, Aerosol-Cloud Interactions, Chemical Composition & Cloud Drop Activation, Remote Sensing of aerosol & clouds and Air Quality-Climate Interactions

Full Product Details

Author:   Colin D. O'Dowd ,  Paul E. Wagner
Publisher:   Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
Imprint:   Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
Edition:   2007 ed.
ISBN:  

9781402064746

ISBN 10:   1402064748
Pages:   1256
Publication Date:   15 October 2007
Audience:   College/higher education ,  Professional and scholarly ,  Undergraduate ,  Postgraduate, Research & Scholarly
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   Out of stock  
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Table of Contents

Nucleation: Experiment and Theory.- Homogeneous Nucleation Rate Measurements and the Properties of Critical Clusters.- Size Analysis of Ion and Aerosol Nanoparticles in Nucleation and Growth.- Classical and Generalized Gibbs' Approaches and the Work of Critical Cluster Formation in Nucleation Theory.- Microstructure of Supersaturation Field and Nucleation Experiments.- Efficiency of Immersion Mode Ice Nucleation on Surrogates of Mineral Dust.- Do Highly Supercooled Liquids Freeze by Spinodal Decomposition?.- The Balanced Nucleation and Growth (BNG) Model for Controlled Crystal Nucleation and Size Distribution.- The Balanced Nucleation and Growth (BNG) Model for Controlled Crystal Nucleation and Size in Controlled Precipitations.- Continuous Crystallization: Nucleation and Size Control as a Function of Crystal Solubility.- Investigating the Role of Ammonia in Atmospheric Nucleation.- Dependence of Nucleation Rates on Sulfuric Acid Vapor Concentration in Diverse Atmospheric Locations.- Evaluation of Surface Tension and Tolman Length as a Function of Droplet Radius from Experimental Nucleation Rate and Supersaturation Ratio.- Atmospheric H2SO4 / H2O Particle Formation: Mechanistic Investigations.- The Role of Ions in Condensation Particle Counting for Particle Diameters Below 2 nm.- n-Nonane Nucleation in the Presence of Carbon Dioxide.- Challenges in the Thermochemical Water-splitting Cycle Based on the ZnO/Zn Redox Pair: Rapid Quench and Nucleation of Zinc.- Relevance of Several Nucleation Theories in Different Environments.- Kinetic Theory Applied to Nucleation and Droplet Growth.- Computation of Nucleation Rates for n-Nonane Using the Gradient Theory.- The Temperature of Nucleating Droplets.- Kinetic Reconstruction of the Nucleation Free Energy Landscape.- Laboratory-measured Nucleation Rates of Sulfuric Acid and Water from the SO2 + OH Reaction.- Simulation of the Growth and Decay of Isolated Lennard-Jones Clusters.- An Insight into the Failure of Classical Nucleation Theory.- Nucleation Chemical Physics: From Vapor-phase Clusters to Crystals in Solution.- Homogeneous Nucleation: What I Understand, What I Somewhat Understand, What I do not Understand.- Homogeneous Nucleation Rate in Supersaturated Water Vapor.- Displacement Barrier Heights from Experimental Nucleation Rate Data: Scaling and Universality.- Arrhenius Temperature Dependence of Homogeneous Nucleation Rates.- A Study of Scaled Nucleation in a Model Lennard-Jones System.- Using Small Angle X-ray Scattering to Measure Homogeneous Nucleation Rates of n-propanol in a Supersonic Nozzle.- Condensation of a Supersaturated Lattice Gas.- Argon Nucleation in a Cryogenic Nucleation Pulse Chamber.- Water Homogeneous Nucleation: Importance of Clustering Thermodynamics.- Validation and Development of a New Hailstone Formation Theory-Numerical Simulations of a Strong Hailstorm Occurring Over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.- Scaling of Critical Nuclei Composed of Diatomic and Triatomic Molecules.- Heterogeneous Condensation on Nanoparticle.- Kinetics of Multicomponent Nucleation in Gas Phase.- Simulation of Nucleation Experiments in Laminar Flow Diffusion Chamber.- A Comparative Study in Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Nucleation.- The Reactions of Sulfuric Acid with Biogenic Criegee Intermediates or Secondary Ozonides as a Possible Source of Nucleation Precursors.- Condensation-Relaxation of Supersaturated Vapor and the Possibility of the Experimental Determination of the Nucleation Rate.- Nanoparticle Detection Using Nucleation Regime of the CPC.- Structure of Sulfuric Acid-Water Clusters.- Quantum Chemical Calculations of the Binding Energies of (H2SO4)2, HOSO2*H2SO4, and HOSO4*H2SO4.- Calculation of Cluster-free Energies Using the Jarzynski Relation.- New Particle Formation and Sulphuric Acid Concentrations During 26 Months in Hyytiala.- The First Heterogeneous Nucleation Theorem Including Line Tension: Analysis of Experimental Data.- Heterogeneous Nucleation Theorems for Multicomponent Systems.- Nucleation Events in Melpitz, Germany, and Po Valley, Italy: Similarities and Differences.- Simulation of an Aerosol Nucleation Burst.- Heterogeneous Nucleation of Nitrogen.- Homogeneous Nucleation of a Homologous Series of n-Alkanes in a Supersonic Nozzle.- Preliminary Results on Homogeneous Nucleation of Water: A Novel Measurement Technique using the Two-valve Expansion Chamber.- Nucleation: Binary, Homogeneous, and Heterogeneous.- Homogeneous Binary Nucleation Theory and the Structure of Binary Nanodroplets.- Nucleation Versus Spinodal Decomposition in Confined Binary Solutions.- Stabilization of H2SO4-H2O Clusters by Organic Acids.- Critical Cluster Content in High-pressure Binary Nucleation: Compensation Pressure Effect.- The Effect of Total Pressure on Nucleation in a Laminar Flow Diffusion Chamber: n-Pentanol + Helium.- Thermochemistry of (H2SO4)m(H2O)n(NH3)k: A DFT Study.- Monte Carlo Simulations on Heterogeneous Nucleation II: Line Tension.- Insights from the Atomistic Simulations of a Ternary Nucleating System.- Two-component Heterogeneous Nucleation in the Martian Atmosphere.- Binary Homogenous Nucleation of Sulfuric Acid and Water Mixture: Experimental Device and Setup.- Monte Carlo Simulations on Heterogeneous Nucleation I: The Point Where the Classical Theory Fails.- A Kinetically Correct and an Approximate Model of Heterogeneous Nucleation.- Reversible Work of the Heterogeneous Formation of an Embryo of a New Phase on a Spherical Charged Conductor Within a Uniform Multicomponent Macroscopic Mother Phase.- Stochastic Birth and Death Equations to Treat Chemistry and Nucleation in Small Systems.- Nucleation: Ion and Cluster Properties.- Surface Nucleation in Freezing Nanoparticles.- Biogenic Sesquiterpenes and Atmospheric New Particle Formation: A Boreal Forest Site Investigation.- Using Charging State in Estimating the Relative Importance of Neutral and Ion-induced Nucleation.- The Effect of Clouds on Ion Clusters and Aerosol Nucleation at 1,465 m a.s.l.- The Effect of Seed Particle Charge on Heterogeneous Nucleation.- Experimental Observation of Heterogeneous Nucleation Probabilities for Ion-induced Nucleation.- Air Ion Measurements During a Cruise from Europe to Antarctica.- Air Ion Measurements at Mace Head on the West Coast of Ireland.- Improving Particle Detection Effi ciency of a Condensation Particle Counter by Means of Pulse Height Analysis.- The Effect of Temperature on Ion Cluster Formation of 2-propanol.- Heterogeneous Ion-induced Nucleation: Condensation of Supersaturated Vapors on Neutral and Charged Nanoparticles.- Charged State of Freshly Nucleated Particles: Implications for Nucleation Mechanisms.- Measurement of the Charging State with an Ion-DMPS to Estimate the Contribution of Ion-induced Nucleation.- Ice Nucleation.- Progress and Issues in Quantifying Ice Nucleation Involving Atmospheric Aerosols.- Immersion Freezing Effi ciency of Soot Particles with Various Physico-Chemical Properties.- Ice Nucleation Characteristics of Atmospheric Trace Gas Aged Mineral Dust Aerosols with a Continuous Flow Diffusion Chamber.- Ice Initiation for Various Ice Nuclei Types and its Infl uence on Precipitation Formation in Convective Clouds.- Strong Dependence of Cubic Ice Formation on Aqueous Droplet Ammonium to Sulphate Ratio.- Ice Cloud Formation Mechanisms Inferred from in situ Measurements of Particle Number-size Distribution.- The FINCH (Fast Ice Nucleus Chamber Counter).- Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation on Soot Particles.- An Examination of a Continuous Flow Diffusion Chamber's Performance: Implications for Field Measurements of Ice Nuclei.- Activation of Artificial Ice Nuclei.- Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation of Aqueous Solutions with Immersed Mineral Dust Particles.- Immersion Freezing in Emulsifi ed Aqueous Sulfuric Acid Solutions Containing AgI Particles.- Air Quality - Climate.- Global Dimming by Air Pollution and Global Warming by Greenhouse Gases: Global and Regional Perspectives.- Freshly Formed Aerosol Particles: Connections to Precipitation.- Relative Humidity Dependence of Aerosol Optical Properties and Direct Radiative Forcing in the Surface Boundary Layer of Southeastern China.- The Effect of Including Aerosol Nucleation and Coagulation in a Global Model.- On the Estimated Impact of Anthropogenic Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) in the Region of Mexico City on the Development of Precipitation.- Emission of Aerosol Black Carbon in the Atmosphere of Chhattisgarh.- Impact of Saharan Dust on Tropical Cyclogenesis.- Aerosol Distributions over Europe: A Regional Model Evaluation.- An Analysis on Aerosol Variable Tendency and Clouds Physical Effect for Decrease of Natural Precipitation over Hebei Area.- An Assessment of the Direct Radiative Forcing of the PM10-Study Case.- Measurements of Hydroxylated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Atmospheric Aerosols from an Urban Site of Madrid (Spain).- The Simulation of Aerosol Transport over East Asia Region Using CMAQ.- Aerosol - Cloud Interactions.- Current Understanding of Aerosol-Climate Effects.- Mass Spectral Evidence that Small Changes in Composition Caused by Oxidative Aging Processes Alter Aerosol CCN.- Iodine Speciation in Rain and Snow.- Using Aerosol Number to Volu me Ratio in Predicting Cloud Droplet Number Concentration.- Influence of Surface Tension on the Connection Between Hygroscopic Growth and Activation.- On Aerosol-cloud Studies at the Puijo Semiurban Measurement Station.- Partitioning of Aerosol Particles in Mixed-phase Clouds at a High Alpine Site.- The Role of Aerosol Characteristics in the Evolution of Clouds and Precipitation.- Maritime CCN Drizzle Relationships.- Effect of Nucleation and Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation on Cloud Droplet Number Concentrations.- Measurements of the Rate of Cloud Droplet Formation on Atmospheric Particles.- Aerosol Particle Formation in Different Types of Air Masses in Hyytiala, Southern Finland.- Model Studies of Nitric Acid Condensation in Mixed-phase Clouds.- Modelling Cirrus Cloud Fields for Climate and Atmospheric Chemistry Studies.- A Modelling Study of the Effect of Increasing Background Ozone on PM Production in Clouds.- Aerosol Characterisation and Properties.- Stratospheric Aerosol: Measurements, Importance, Life Cycle, Anomalous Aerosol.- Highlights of Fifty Years of Atmospheric Aerosol Research at Mace Head.- Transformation of Nitrates during the Transport of Air from China to Okinawa, Japan.- Major Factors Affecting the Ambient Particulate Nitrate Level at Gosan, Korea.- Fuctional Group Analysis Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Method Development, and Application to Particulate Organic Matter.- Study on the Distribution and Variation Trends of Atmospheric Aerosol Optical Depth over the Yangtze River Delta in China.- Detecting Below 3 nm Particles Using Ethylene Glycol-based Ultrafine Condensation Particle Counter.- Chlorine-phase Partitioning at Melpitz near Leipzig.- Measured Neutral and Charged Aerosol Particle Number Size Distributions in Russia.- Size Distributions, Charging State, and Hygroscopicity of Aerosol Particles in Antarctica.- Dry Deposition Fluxes and Timescales of Turbulent Deposition over Tall Vegetative Canopies.- Observations of Particle Nucleation and Growth Events in the Lower Free Troposphere.- Size-resolved Aerosol Chemical Concentrations at Rural and Urban Sites in Central California, USA.- Measurement of Ultrafine and Fine Particle Black Carbon and its Optical Properties.- Hygroscopic and Volatile Properties of Ultrafine Particles in the Eucalypt Forests: Comparison with Chamber Experiments and the Role of Sulphates in New Particle Formation.- New Particle Formation in Clean Savannah Environment.- Hot-air Balloon Measurements of Vertical Variation of Boundary Layer New Particle Formation.- Optical Properties and Radiative Effects of Aerosols in a Coastal Zone.- On Water Condensation Particle Counters and their Applicability to Field Measurements.- Relationship of Aerosol Microphysical Properties and Chemical Composition of Aerosol in the Baltic Sea Region.- Hygroscopic Properties of Sub-micrometer Atmospheric Aerosol Particles Measured with H-TDMA Instruments in Various Environments - A Review.- Contrasting Organic Aerosol Behaviour in Continental Polluted, Biomass Burning and Pristine Tropical Forest Environments.- Airborne Measurements of Tropospheric Aerosol up to 12 km over West Africa during the Monsoon Season in August 2006.- Closure Between Chemical Composition and Hygroscopic Growth of Aerosol Particles During TORCH2.- Heterogeneous Oxidation of Saturated Organic Particles by OH.- Tropospheric Bioaerosols of Southwestern Siberia: Their Concentrations and Variability, Distributions and Long-term Dynamics.- Assessment of Refractive Index and Microphysical Parameters of Spherical Aerosols from Data of Dual-Polarization Nephelometer.- Number Density and Carbon Concentration of Accumulation Mode Particles over the North Pacific Ocean.- Comparative Effect of Airborne Pollutants on 3 Angstrom Turbidity Coefficients.- Weekly Distribution of the Aerosol Pollution of the Atmosphere in Tbilisi.- The Influence of Relative Humidity on the Changeability of the Atmospheric Aerosol Optical Depth.- Ground-based Observations of the Chemical Composition of Asian Outflow Aerosols.- The Observations of Cloud Condensation Nuclei over the Bohai Gulf.- Study of Aerosol Emission at Continental Area of Russia.- Modeling the Non-ideal Thermodynamics of Mixed Organic/Inorganic Aerosols.- 7Be-210Pb Concentration Ratio in Ground Level Air in Malaga (36.7 Degrees N, 4.5 Degrees W).- Chemical Composition and Size Distribution of Fine Aerosol Particles Measured with AMS on the East Coast of the Baltic Sea.- Uptake of Nitric Acid on NaCl Single Crystals Measured by Backscattering Spectrometry.- Investigation of the Heterogeneous Reactions Between Ammonia and Nitric Acid Aerosols.- Carbonaceous Materials in Size-segregated Atmospheric Aerosols in Urban and Rural Environments in North-western Portugal.- Using Foehn Conditions to Characterize Urban and Regional Sources of Particles.- Spatial Distribution of Nanoparticles in the Free Troposphere over Siberia.- EC/OC at Two Sites in Prague.- Submicrometric Aerosol Size Distributions in Southwestern Spain: Relation with Meteorological Parameters.- Characterization of a Propane Soot Generator.- Aerosol Particle Formation Events at Two Siberian Stations.- Characterization of Rural Aerosol in Southern Germany (HAZE 2002).- Chemical Composition, Regional Sources, and Seasonal Patterns of TSP Aerosols at Mace Head.- The Formation of Radiatively Active Aerosol from Coastal Nucleation Events.- Funneling of Meteoric Material into the Polar Winter Vortex.- Connection Between Atmospheric Aerosol Optical Depth and Aerosol Particle Number Concentration in the Air in Tbilisi.- Aerosol Formation, Dynamics and Growth.- Regional Air Quality-Atmospheric Nucleation Interactions.- Atmospheric Nucleation.- Density of Boreal Forest Aerosol Particles as a Function of Mode Diameter.- Effects of Photochemistry and Convection on the UT/LS Aerosol Nucleation: Observations.- Estimating Nanoparticle Growth Rates from Size-Dependent Charged Fractions - Analysis of New Particle Formation Events in Mexico City.- Ions and Charged Aerosol Particles in a Native Australian Eucalypt Forest.- Factors Controlling Spring and Summer Time Aerosol Size Distributions in the Arctic: A Global Model Study.- The Impact of Boundary Layer Nucleation on Global CCN.- Relative Humidity Dependence of Light Extinction by Mixed Organic/Sulfate Particles.- Evaporation Rates and Saturation Vapour Pressures of C3-C6 Dicarboxylic Acids.- Aerosol Formation from Plant Emissions: The Julich Plant Chamber Experiments.- Upward Fluxes of Particles over Forests: When, Where, Why?.- Observations of Winter-time Nucleation and Particle Growth over/in a Forest.- Ion-mediated Nucleation as an Important Source of Global Tropospheric Aerosols.- Atmospheric Aerosol and Ion Characteristics during EUCAP (Eucalypt Forest Aerosols and Precursors).- Revising the Fuchs Boundary Sphere Method.- Atmospheric Charged and Total Particle Formation Rates below 3 nm.- An Algorithm for Automatic Classification of Two-dimensional Aerosol Data.- Capturing the Effect of Sulphur in Diesel Exhaust.- Conditions Favouring New Particle Formation in A Polluted Environment: Results of the QUEST-Po Valley Experiment 2004.- New Method for Simulation of Supersaturated Vapor Condensation.- Simulations of Iodine Dioxide Nucleation.- Development and Estimation of an Expression of Particle Dry Deposition Process Using the Moment Method.- Investigating the Chemical Composition of Growing Nucleation Mode Particles with CPC Battery.- Aerosol Formation from Isoprene: Determination of Particle Nucleation and Growth Rates.- Heterogeneous Reactivity of Sulfate-coated CaCO3 Particles with Gaseous Nitric Acid.- Physical, Chemical and Optical Properties of Fine Aerosol as a Function of Relative Humidity at Gosan, Korea during ABC-EAREX 2005.- Austral Summer Particle Formation Events Observed at the King Sejong Station.- Analysing the Number Concentration of 50 nm Particles with Multivariate Mixed Effects Model.- Aerosol Dynamics Box Model Studies on the Connection of Sulphuric Acid and New Particle Formation.- Effect of Vegetation on Aerosol Formation in South-east Australia.- Linear Model of Nucleation Burst in the Atmosphere.- Condensational Growth of n-Propanol and n-Nonane Droplets: Experiments and Model Calculations.- Connections Between Ambient Sulphuric Acid and New Particle Formation in Hyytiala and Heideleberg.- Do We Miss Fragile Particles in Particle Size Distribution Measurements?.- Marine Aerosol Production.- Organic Marine Aerosol: State-of-the-Art and New Findings.- Physicochemical Characterisation of Marine Boundary Layer Aerosol Particles during the Sea Spray, Gas Fluxes, and Whitecaps (SEASAW) Experiment.- Iodine Speciation in Marine Boundary Layer.- DOAS Measurements of Iodine Oxides in the Framework of the MAP (Marine Aerosol Production) Project.- Chemical Fluxes in North-east Atlantic Air.- On the Contribution of Isoprene Oxidation to Marine Aerosol over the Northeast Atlantic.- Organic Fraction in Recently Formed Nucleation Event Particles in Mace Head Coastal Atmosphere during Map 2006 Summer Campaign.- A Global Emission Inventory of Submicron Sea-spray Aerosols.- A Combined Organic-Inorganic Sea-spray Source Function.- Observations of Oceanic Whitecap Coverage in the North Atlantic during Gale Force Winds.- Primary Marine Aerosol Produced during Bubble Bursting Experiments Using Baltic Sea, North Sea, and Atlantic Waters.- Similarity Between Aerosol Physicochemical Properties at a Coastal Station and Open Ocean over the North Atlantic.- Marine Aerosol and Secondary Particle Formation over the North Atlantic.- Role of the Volatile Fraction of Marine Aerosol on its Hygroscopic Properties.- Sea Salt Production and Distribution over the North-east Atlantic.- Evaluation of Measured and Predicted Cloud Condensation Nuclei in Mace Head.- Remote Sensing of Aerosols and Clouds.- Aerosol Impact on Remote Sensing in Coastal Environment.- Full Column Aerosol Optical Depth Observations in the Vicinity of Clouds.- Dust Intrusion Influence on Atmospheric Boundary Layer Using Lidar Data.- Alignment of Atmospheric Dust Observed by High-Sensitivity Optical Polarimetry.- Retrieval of Aerosol Distributions by Multi-Axis Differential Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS).- Variations of Desert Dust Optical Properties over Solar Village, KSA.- Atmospheric Aerosols Optical Properties and Climate over Solar Village, KSA.- Aerosol Optical Depth Determination by Combination of Lidar and Sun Photometer.- Wind Speed Influences on Aerosol Optical Depth in Clean Marine Air.- Validation of Satellite Retrieved Aerosol Optical Depth with Ground-based Measurements at Mace Head, Ireland.- Chemical Composition and Cloud Drop Activation.- Laboratory Studies on the Properties and Processes of Complex Organic Aerosols.- Internal Mixing of Organic and Elemental Components in DYCOMS-II Cloud Drop Activation.- Optical Particle Counter Measurement of Marine Aerosol Hygroscopic Growth.- Aerosol-CCN Closure at a Semi-rural Site.- Characterization of Sesquiterpene Secondary Organic Aerosol: Thermodynamic Properties, Aging Characteristics, CCN Activity, and Droplet Growth Kinetic Analysis.- Cloud Condensation Nucleus Activity of Secondary Organic Aerosol Particles Mixed with Sulfate.- Particle Size Critical Supersaturation Relationships.- Aerosol Microphysics in the GISS Climate Model.- Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation and Online Chemical Composition Analysis by Thermal Desorption Chemical Ionisation Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (TDCIAMS).- Cloud Condensation Nuclei Activity at Jeju Island (Korea) in Spring.- CCN Properties of Water-soluble Organic Compounds Produced by Common Bioaerosols.- An Annual Study of Organic Atmospheric Aerosol from a Rural Site of Madrid (Spain).- Fine Particulate Matter in Apulia (South Italy): Chemical Characterization.

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