Overview

Ideal for microbiology/science majors The third edition of Microbiology provides in-depth coverage of the science of microscopic organisms. Providing a balanced presentation of foundational concepts, real-world applications, and current research and experimentation, this comprehensive textbook facilitates a thorough understanding of the scope, nature, and complexity of microbiology. The text approaches the subject within the context of exploration and experimentation, integrating a wealth of classroom-tested pedagogical features. The material is organized around the three pillars of physiology, ecology and genetics — helping students appreciate the interconnected and dynamic nature of microbiology as they explore individual microbes and the relation between different types of microbes, other organisms, and the environment. Detailed yet accessible chapters illustrate how an experiment proceeds, explain how microbes replicate, clarify the flow of concept processes, and summarize key points. Challenging end-of-chapter questions both test students' understanding of the material and strengthen critical thinking skills. This new edition contains up-to-date coverage of topics including DNA replication and gene expression, viral pathogenesis, microbial biotechnology, adaptive immunity, the control of infectious diseases, the microbiology of food and water, and integrated coverage of COVID-19.

Full Product Details

Author:   Dave Wessner (Davidson College) ,  Christine Dupont (University of Waterloo) ,  Trevor Charles (University of Waterloo) ,  Josh Neufeld
Publisher:   John Wiley & Sons Inc
Imprint:   John Wiley & Sons Inc
Edition:   3rd Revised edition
Dimensions:   Width: 20.80cm , Height: 3.60cm , Length: 27.40cm
Weight:   1.882kg
ISBN:  

9781119592495

ISBN 10:   1119592496
Pages:   992
Publication Date:   03 December 2020
Audience:   College/higher education ,  Tertiary & Higher Education
Format:   Loose-leaf
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   In stock  
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Table of Contents

Part I The Microbes 1 The Microbial World 1 1.1 The Microbes 3 Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research the Three Domains of Life 9 Toolbox 1.1 Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification of rRNA Genes 11 1.2 Microbial Physiology, Genetics, and Cultivation 14 Perspective 1.1 Creating Life in the Laboratory: The Miller-Urey Experiment 17 1.3 Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology 23 1.4 Microbes and Disease 25 2 Bacteria 35 2.1 Morphology of Bacterial Cells 36 Perspective 2.1 Making the Microbiology Laboratory Accessible 39 2.2 The Cytoplasm 40 2.3 The Bacterial Cytoskeleton 43 Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research Magnetosomes: Uncovering the Structure of Bacterial Organelles 44 2.4 The Cell Envelope 46 Toolbox 2.1 The Gram Stain 55 Perspective 2.2 The Protective Shells of Endospores 56 2.5 The Bacterial Cell Surface 60 2.6 Diversity of Bacteria 67 3 Eukaryal Microorganisms 75 3.1 Morphology of Eukaryal Cells 76 Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research Lipid Rafts: Organized Clustering of Lipids within a Membrane 82 Toolbox 3.1 Using Microscopy to Examine Cell Structure 85 Perspective 3.1 Hijacking the Cytoskeleton 88 3.2 Diversity of Eukaryal Microorganisms 89 3.3 Replication of Eukaryal Microorganisms 94 3.4 The Origin of Eukaryal Cells 97 Perspective 3.2 Secondary endosymbiosis: The origins of an organelle with four membranes 101 3.5 Interactions Between Eukaryal Microorganisms and Animals, Plants, and the Environment 102 4 Archaea 109 4.1 Evolution of Archaea 111 4.2 Archaeal Cell Structure 113 Toolbox 4.1 Vaccine Delivery Strategies 117 4.3 Diversity of Archaea 121 Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research The Role of Archaea in Our Digestive System 124 Perspective 4.1 Extremophiles and Biotechnology 129 5 Viruses 136 5.1 A Basic Overview of Viruses 137 Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research New Findings in the Packaging of DNA by the Model Bacteriophage T4 146 5.2 Origins of Viruses 148 Perspective 5.1 Ribozymes: Evidence for an RNA-Based World 149 5.3 Cultivation, Purification, and Quantification of Viruses 150 Toolbox 5.1 Cell Culture Techniques 151 Perspective 5.2 Measurement of HIV Viral Load 155 5.4 Diversity of Viruses 158 Toolbox 5.2 Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) 162 5.5 Virus-Like Particles 163 5.6 Virology Today 166 6 Metabolism 172 6.1 Acquisition of Carbon, Energy, and Electrons 174 6.2 Energy, Enzymes, and ATP 176 Perspective 6.1 Who Needs Vitamins? 179 6.3 Central Processes in ATP Synthesis 180 6.4 Carbon Utilization in Microorganisms 185 6.5 Respiration and the Electron Transport System 195 Perspective 6.2 Electricigenic Bacteria and Microbial Fuel Cells 198 6.6 Metabolism of Non-glucose Carbon Sources 202 Toolbox 6.1 Metabolism and Rapid Bacterial Identification Systems 204 6.7 Phototrophy and Photosynthesis 206 Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research Genome Sequence of a Deep Sea Symbiont 216 6.8 Nitrogen and Sulfur Metabolism 217 6.9 Biosynthesis of Cellular Components 222 Part II Microbial Genetics 7 Cultivating Microorganisms 231 7.1 Factors Affecting Microbial Growth 233 Toolbox 7.1 Phenotype Microarrays for Examining Microbial Growth 234 7.2 Growing Microorganisms in the Laboratory 238 Perspective 7.1 The Discovery of Helicobacter pylori 243 Toolbox 7.2 FISHING for Uncultivated Microorganisms 246 Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research Bringing to Life the Previously Unculturable Using the Soil Substrate Membrane System (SSMS) 247 7.3 Measuring Microbial Population Growth 249 Perspective 7.2 Mycobacterium leprae, An Extraordinarily Slow-growing Pathogen 255 Perspective 7.3 The Human Intestine: A Continuous Culture 257 7.4 Eliminating Microbes and Preventing their Growth 257 8 DNA Replication and Gene Expression 267 8.1 The Role of DNA 269 8.2 DNA Replication 276 Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research Telomeres with Promoter Activity 283 8.3 Transcription 284 Toolbox 8.1 Using a Gel Shift Assay to Identify DNA-binding Proteins 287 8.4 Translation 291 8.5 The Effects of Mutations 297 Perspective 8.1 Using Mutations to Control Viral Infections 301 9 Viral Replication Strategies 306 9.1 Recognition of Host Cells 308 Perspective 9.1 Identifying Emerging Viral Pathogens 310 Toolbox 9.1 The Western Blot 312 9.2 Viral Entry and Uncoating 315 9.3 Viral Replication 319 Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research The Discovery of Reverse Transcriptase 326 Perspective 9.2 Phage Therapy: Biocontrol for Infections 328 9.4 Viral Assembly and Egress 330 10 Bacterial Genetic Analysis and Manipulation 335 10.1 Bacteria as Subjects of Genetic Research 336 10.2 Mutations, Mutants, and Strains 340 Toolbox 10.1 Isolating Nutritional Mutants 342 10.3 Restriction Enzymes, Vectors, and Cloning 347 10.4 Recombination and DNA Transfer 354 Perspective 10.1 Plasmids That Produce Pathogens 359 Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research The Discovery of Transduction 367 11 Microbial Genomics 372 11.1 Genome Sequencing 373 Perspective 11.1 Rate of DNA Sequencing 377 Toolbox 11.1 Genome databases 383 11.2 Genomic Analysis of Gene Expression 385 11.3 Comparative Genomics 391 Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research Genome Sequence of a Killer Bug 391 Perspective 11.2 The Minimal Genome 393 11.4 Metagenomics and Related Analyses 396 12 Regulation of Gene Expression 402 12.1 Differential Gene Expression 404 12.2 The Operon 405 Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research Tuning Promoters for Use in Synthetic Biology 412 12.3 Global Gene Regulation 413 Perspective 12.1 The Use of Lactose Analogs in Gene Expression Studies 415 12.4 Post-Initiation Control of Gene Expression 419 Toolbox 12.1 Using RNA molecules to decrease gene expression 421 12.5 Quorum Sensing 423 12.6 Two-Component Regulatory Systems 425 12.7 Chemotaxis 428 13 Biogeochemical Cycles 435 13.1 Nutrient Cycling 437 Toolbox 13.1 Using Microarrays to Examine Microbial Communities: The GeoChip 439 13.2 Cycling Driven by Carbon Metabolism 440 Perspective 13.1 CO2 as a Greenhouse Gas and Its Influence on Climate Change 440 13.3 Cycling Driven by Nitrogen Metabolism 451 Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research The First Isolation and Cultivation of a Marine Archaeon 454 13.4 Other Cycles and their Connections 456 Perspective 13.2 Life in a World without Microbes 457 Perspective 13.3 The Microbiology of Environmentally Toxic Acid Mine Drainage 458 Toolbox 13.2 Biogeochemistry in a Bottle: The Winogradsky Column 461 Part III Microbial Physiology and Ecology 14 Microbial Ecosystems 465 14.1 Microbes in the Environment 467 14.2 Microbial Community Analysis 472 Toolbox 14.1 Flow Cytometry 477 Perspective 14.1 Naming the Uncultured and Uncharacterized 479 Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research Insights into the Phylogeny and Coding Potential of Microbial Dark Matter 479 14.3 Aquatic Ecosystems 481 Perspective 14.2 Dead Zones 482 14.4 Terrestrial Ecosystems 489 14.5 Deep Subsurface and Geothermal Ecosystems 495 15 Microbial Symbionts 504 15.1 Types of Microbe-Host Interactions 506 15.2 Symbionts of Plants 508 Perspective 15.1 The Possible Impossible Vegan Patty 510 15.3 Symbionts of Humans 513 Toolbox 15.1 Germ-free and Gnotobiotic Animals 518 Perspective 15.2 Food Probiotics-Do They Work? 519 Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research Fecal Bacteriotherapy: Repoopulation of the Gut 522 15.4 Symbionts of Herbivores 525 Perspective 15.3 Cows Contribute to Climate Change 531 15.5 Symbionts of Invertebrates 531 Perspective 15.4 Midichlorians-Not Just for Jedi 536 Perspective 15.5 Death of Coral Reefs 539 16 Microbial Biotechnology 544 16.1 Microbes for Biotechnology 546 Perspective 16.1 Bioprospecting: Who Owns the Microbes? 548 16.2 Molecular Genetic Modification 550 Toolbox 16.1 Site-Directed Mutagenesis 552 Toolbox 16.2 Fusion Protein Purification 559 Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research Making a Synthetic Genome 561 Perspective 16.2 The International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) Competition, Standard Biological Parts, and Synthetic Biology 564 16.3 Red Biotechnology 565 16.4 White Biotechnology 566 Perspective 16.3 Biofuels: Biodiesel and Algae 570 16.5 Green Biotechnology 576 Toolbox 16.3 Plant Transformation Using Bacteria 578 17 The Microbiology of Food and Water 586 17.1 Food Spoilage 588 17.2 Food Preservation 591 17.3 Food Fermentation 598 17.4 Foodborne and Waterborne Illness 605 17.5 Microbiological Aspects of Water Quality 607 Perspective 17.1 Implications of Sludge Bulking 613 Toolbox 17.1 Measuring Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 614 Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research Enhanced Biological Removal of Phosphorus 616 Toolbox 17.2 Most Probable Number (MPN) Method 619 Part IV Microbes and Disease 18 Introduction to Infectious Diseases 624 18.1 Pathogenic Microbes 627 Toolbox 18.1 Measuring the Virulence of Pathogens 629 18.2 Microbial Virulence Strategies 631 Perspective 18.1 Genome Editing: A powerful and Controversial New Technique 637 18.3 The Transmission of Infectious Diseases 638 Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research Epidemiology of an Infectious Disease 645 18.4 Proving Cause and Effect in Microbial Infections 648 Perspective 18.2 The Armadillo-An Ideal Animal Model? 651 18.5 The Evolution of Pathogens 652 19 Innate Host Defenses Against Microbial Invasion 661 19.1 Immunity 682 19.2 Barriers to Infection 664 Perspective 19.1 Messy Mucus 666 Perspective 19.2 Alzheimer's Disease: Aluminium, B-amyloid, Gum Disease: Which Is It? 666 19.3 The Inflammatory Response 669 19.4 The Molecules of the Innate System 671 Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research Mammalian Cells Can Recognize Bacterial DNA 673 Toolbox 19.1 The Complement Fixation Test 677 19.5 The Cells of Innate Immunity 682 19.6 Invertebrate Defenses 690 Toolbox 19.2 The Limulus Amoebocyte Assay for LPS 692 20 Adaptive Immunity 696 20.1 Features of Adaptive Immunity 698 20.2 T Cells 701 20.3 Antigen Processing 705 20.4 Antigen-Presenting Cells 708 20.5 Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immune Responses 712 Perspective 20.1 Too Much of a Good Thing? 714 Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research Attempting to Engineer a Virus to Improve Immunocontraception 715 20.6 B Cells and the Production of Antibody 716 Perspective 20.2 Vaccines Against T-independent Antigens 720 Toolbox 20.1 Monoclonal Antibody (mAb) Production 721 Toolbox 20.2 Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) 727 Perspective 20.3 Turning Antibody Upside Down 729 21 Bacterial Pathogenesis 735 21.1 Bacterial Virulence Factors 737 Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research Escherichia Coli Injects Its Own Receptor 742 Perspective 21.1 Iron, Vampires, Fashion, and the White Plague 747 21.2 Bacterial Virulence Factors-Toxins 748 Toolbox 21.1 Serotyping 749 Perspective 21.2 The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly Side of Botulinum Toxin 756 Perspective 21.3 Superabsorbent Tampons and Superantigens 762 21.3 Survival in the Host: Strategies and Consequences 764 Toolbox 21.2 The Tuberculin Test for Tuberculosis 772 21.4 Evolution of Bacterial Pathogens 772 Perspective 21.4 Antibiotics Trigger Toxins? 776 22 Viral Pathogenesis 782 22.1 Recurring Themes in Viral Pathogenesis 784 Perspective 22.1 Vertical Transmission of HIV 789 22.2 Interactions with the Host: Strategies and Consequences 791 Perspective 22.2 Viral Induction of Apoptosis 793 22.3 Viral Infections and Cancer 796 Toolbox 22.1 Immunoprecipitation 799 Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research Viruses that Cause Cancer by Affecting Cellular Proliferation 800 Perspective 22.3 SV40 and Human Cancers 802 22.4 Evolution of Viral Pathogens 806 Perspective 22.4 What is it about Bats? 809 Perspective 22.5 Ethical Concerns about Avian Flu Research 812 23 Eukaryal Pathogenesis 816 23.1 Mechanisms of Eukaryal Pathogenesis 818 Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research An Experimental System for the Genomic Study of Dutch Elm Disease 821 Perspective 23.1 Pneumocystis Jirovecii or Carinii : The Evolving Field of Taxonomy 824 Perspective 23.2 Magic Mushrooms 830 23.2 Pathogen Study: Plasmodium Falciparum 831 Toolbox 23.1 Testing for Malaria 835 23.3 Macroscopic Eukaryal Pathogens 837 23.4 Evolution of Eukaryal Pathogens 839 Perspective 23.3 Chytrid Fungus: An Emerging Fungal Pathogen 840 Perspective 23.4 What if the Parasites Disappeared? 842 24 Control of Infectious Diseases 846 24.1 Historical Aspects of Infectious Disease Treatment and Control 848 24.2 Antimicrobial Drugs 849 24.3 Antimicrobial Drug Resistance 863 Mini-Paper: A Focus on the Research Tracking Acquisition of Antibiotic Resistance In Real Time 865 Toolbox 24.1 Drug Susceptibility Testing and MIC 869 Perspective 24.1 The Pursuit of New Antibiotics: Why Bother? 874 Perspective 24.2 Health Care-Associated Infections: A Recipe for Resistance 875 24.4 Predicting and Controlling Epidemics 876 24.5 Immunization and Vaccines 879 Perspective 24.3 Variolation: Deliberate Infection with Smallpox Virus 880 Perspective 24.4 The War Against Vaccines 885 Appendix A Scientific Articles A-1 Appendix B Microscopy A-10 Appendix C Taxonomy and Nomenclature of Microbes A-14 Appendix D Origin of Blood Cells A-16 Glossary / Index

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