Overview

Th history f Afr b g n w th th m rg n f hominids, archaic hum n and-at least 200,000 years g - n t m ll modern humans (H m n ), n East Afr , and continues unbr k n into th present a t hw rk f d v r nd l t ll d v l ng nation states.[1] The earliest kn wn r rd d h t r r n Ancient Egypt, and l t r n Nub , the Sahel, the M ghr b nd the Horn f Africa. F ll w ng th desertification f th S h r , N rth African h t r b m ntw n d w th the M ddl E t and S uth rn Europe wh l the B ntu expansion w t from m d rn d C m r n (C ntr l Afr ) r mu h of th ub-S h r n nt n nt n w v between around 1000 BC nd 1 AD, r t ng a linguistic mm n l t r mu h f the ntr l nd Southern nt n nt.Dur ng th M ddl Ages, I l m r d w t fr m Ar b to Eg t, r ng the M ghr b nd th S h l. S m notable r - l n l states and societies n Afr n lud th Ajur n Empire, D'mt, Ad l Sult n t , Al d , W r ng l Sult n t , K ngd m f Nri, N k ultur , M l Em r , Bono St t , S ngh Empire, B n n Em r , O Em r , K ngd m of Lund (Punu-yaka), A h nt Em r , Ghana Em r , M Kingdoms, Mutapa Empire, K ngd m f M ungubw , Kingdom f Sine, K ngd m of S nn r, K ngd m f S l um, K ngd m of Baol, K ngd m f Cayor, K ngd m f Z mb bw , Kingdom f Kongo, Em r f K bu, K ngd m f Ile If , An nt C rth g , Numidia, M ur t n , nd th Ak um t Empire. At t k, r r t European l n l m, it estimated th t Afr h d u t 10,000 d ff r nt states and autonomous groups w th distinct l ngu g nd customs.Fr m th l t 15th ntur , Europeans j n d the slave trade. On uld th P rtugu led n partnership w th other Europeans.[citation needed][weasel words] Th t includes th tr ngul r tr d , w th th P rtugu n t ll u r ng l v thr ugh tr d nd l t r by f r rt of the Atl nt l v tr d . They tr n rt d enslaved West, C ntr l, nd S uth rn Afr n overseas. Subsequently, Eur n l n z t n of Afr developed r dl fr m r und 10% (1870) t over 90% (1914) n th Scramble f r Africa (1881-1914). H w v r following truggl f r nd nd n n m n rt of the nt n nt, w ll as a weakened Europe ft r the S nd W rld W r (1939-1945), d l n z t n t k l r th nt n nt, ulm n t ng n th 1960 Year f Afr .D l n u h as r rd ng f oral h t r , h t r l l ngu t , r h l g nd genetics have b n vital n r d v r ng th great Afr n v l z t n of nt u t .

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