Overview

This book provides practical help to users of surfactants and those who make formulations with surfactants. Surfactants are described in terms of their chemical structure, principal physical properties, functional properties, principal end uses and requirements for quality control. Methods of manufacture, raw materials used in manufacture, by-products and impurities, and general physical properties, surfactant properties, functional properties, applications and specifications for 45 different types of surfactants are covered. All the main types of surface active agents that are commercially available are included. In this second edition, the original material has been revised, updated and extended, with particular attention to two areas of the book where there has been considerable publication of new material. The chapter on polymeric surfactants has been rewritten, as additional data on polymeric surfactants have become available since publication of the first edition. The opportunity has also been taken to extend the technical data on the basic surfactants themselves - in particular, the alkyl polyglycosides and the narrow range ethoxylates - but there are many small additions to make the data more complete. The aim of the first edition was only to cover in depth those surfactants commercially available; as a result many very interesting surfactants were not described. This edition includes a few novel surfactants (bolaform, Gemini, polymerizable and labile surfactants), but only those which are probably on the point of commercialisation. A significant feature is a complete rewrite and update of the chapter on the use of surfactant theory, where considerable advances have been made in recent years. This approach is essentially non-mathematical and describes in graphical form the principal features of adsorption and micelles, and how these can affect solution behaviour and functional properties such as wetting, foaming, microemulsions, macroemulsions, dispersions and detergency. The volume is directed at research chemists and technologists in companies manufacturing surfactants and formulations of surfactants, and at users of surfactant formulations in the fields of speciality chemicals, plastics, detergents and related areas.

Full Product Details

Author:   M.R. Porter
Publisher:   Chapman and Hall
Imprint:   Chapman and Hall
Edition:   2nd ed. 1994
Dimensions:   Width: 15.50cm , Height: 2.20cm , Length: 23.50cm
Weight:   1.440kg
ISBN:  

9780751401707

ISBN 10:   0751401706
Pages:   324
Publication Date:   30 September 1994
Audience:   College/higher education ,  Professional and scholarly ,  General/trade ,  Postgraduate, Research & Scholarly ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   In Print  
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Table of Contents

1 General introduction.- 2 General approach to using surfactants in formulations.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Systematic approach.- 2.3 Practical formulation.- 2.4 Understanding formulations and end effects.- 2.5 Properties of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups.- 3 Information sources.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Manufacturers’ literature.- 3.3 Published books.- 3.4 Journals and periodicals.- 3.5 Patents.- 3.6 Symposia, meetings and courses.- 3.7 Government publications.- 3.8 Databases.- 4 Use of surfactant theory.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Adsorption and critical micelle concentration (CMC).- 4.3 Micelles, vesicles, liposomes and lamellar structures.- 4.4 Solubility and liquid crystals.- 4.5 Solubilisation and microemulsions.- 4.6 Wetting.- 4.7 Foaming/defoaming.- 4.8 Macroemulsions and HLB.- 4.9 Dispersing.- 4.10 Detergency.- 4.11 Surfactant mixtures and interactions.- References.- 5 Surfactants commercially available.- Reference.- 6 Anionics.- 6.1 Soaps.- 6.2 Modified carboxylates.- 6.3 Isethionates (ester sulphonates).- 6.4 Phosphate esters.- 6.5 Sulphates.- 6.6 Sulphonates — general.- 6.7 Sulphosuccinates and sulphosuccinamates.- 6.8 Taurates (amide sulphonates).- References.- 7 Nonionics.- 7.1 General introduction.- 7.2 Acetylenic surfactants.- 7.3 Alcohol ethoxylates.- 7.4 Alkanolamides.- 7.5 Amine oxides, phosphine oxides and sulphoxides.- 7.6 Surfactants derived from mono- and poly-saccharides.- 7.7 Ethoxylated alkanolamides.- 7.8 Ethoxylated long-chain amines.- 7.9 Ethylene oxide/propylene oxide (EO/PO) copolymers.- 7.10 Fatty acid ethoxylates.- 7.11 Sorbitan derivatives.- 7.12 Ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol and polyglyceryl esters plus their ethoxylated derivatives.- 7.13 Alkyl amines and alkyl imidazolines.- 7.14 Ethoxylated oils and fats.- 7.15Alkyl phenol ethoxylates.- References.- 8 Cationics.- 8.1 Cationics (general).- 8.2 Quaternary ammonium.- 8.3 Amine and imidazoline salts.- Reference.- 9 Amphoterics.- 9.1 Amphoterics (general).- 9.2 Betaines.- 9.3 Glycinates.- 9.4 Amino propionates.- References.- 10 Speciality surfactants.- 10.1 General.- 10.2 Silicone surfactants.- 10.3 Fluorocarbons.- 10.4 Miscellaneous specialities.- References.- 11 Polymeric surfactants.- References.- Appendix 1 Names of hydrophobes and average composition of fats and oils.- Appendix 2 Ecological and toxicity requirements.- Biodegradation.- Toxicity.- References.

Reviews

Of previous edition: Serves the intended purpose well. - Polymer News; A work of reference covering the wide range of all the main types of agents of this nature available currently ... crammed with useful facts about a wide variety of surfactants. - Analyst; It will be a very worthwhile purchase for all those involved with surfactants. - Talanta; Provides a step-by-step account of the problems faced by formulators and gives guidance relating to sources of information. - British Book News; This book is an easily read and well set out account of what is commercially available. It should be useful to chemists formulating products which include surfactants throughout the chemical industry. - Chemistry in Britain

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