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Author:   S. Flugge
Publisher:   Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG
Imprint:   Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
Volume:   4 / 21
Weight:   1.540kg
ISBN:  

9783540020417

ISBN 10:   3540020411
Pages:   692
Publication Date:   02 January 1956
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Out of Print
Availability:   Out of stock  

Language:   English & German

Table of Contents

Thermionic Emission.- A. Scope and objectives.- B. Historical highlights.- I. General background.- II. Experiments with clean surfaces.- III. Experiments with composite surfaces (mainly the discoveries).- C. Theory.- I. Statistical mechanics as a basis for emission equations.- II. The density of an electron atmosphere in an enclosed space.- III. Field effects with current flow.- IV. Langmuir's space-charge theory.- V. Idealized use of space-charge method for cathode property determination.- a) Emitter evaluation by accelerating potential methods.- b) Emitter evaluation by retarding potential methods.- c) Emitter evaluation by a combination of retarding and accelerating potential methods.- VI. General theory.- D. Applications of theory to experiments on thermionic emission.- I. General discussion.- II. Emission from single crystals.- III. Modification of electron affinity by polar layers.- IV. The oxide-coated cathode.- Tables.- Appendix 1: Thermionic constants.- Appendix 2: Some useful equations from statistical theory of free electrons.- Field Emission.- I. Introduction.- II. Theory of field emission.- III. Experimental results.- IV. Field emission microscopy.- V. Field emission of positive ions.- References.- Sekundarelektronen-Emission fester Korper bei Bestrahlung mit Elektronen.- A. Einfuhrung.- B. Energieverteilung der Sekundarelektronen.- C. Die Anzahl der Sekundarelektronen (Ausbeute).- D. Weitere Eigenschaften von Sekundarelektronen.- E. Daten uber die Bewegung langsamer Elektronen in festen Korpern.- F. Theoretische Ansatze zur Deutung der Sekundaremission.- Literatur.- Photoionization in gases and photoelectric emission from solids.- A. Photoionization in gases.- I. Historical survey.- II. Experimental methods.- III. Experimental cross sections of photoabsorption and photoionization.- B. Photoelectric emission from solids.- I. A survey of photoelectric phenomena.- II. Selected topics on complex surfaces.- References.- Motions of Ions and Electrons.- I. Electron and ion orbits.- a) Orbits in uniform fields.- b) Orbits in inhomogeneous magnetic fields.- c) Pressure gradients.- II. The Langevin equation.- a) Drift.- b) Diffusion.- c) Energy and gain.- III. The Boltzmann equation.- a) The derivative terms.- b) The collision integral.- c) Motions of electrons.- d) The energy distribution.- e) Direct current.- IV. Boltzmann transport equation.- a) General theory.- b) Constant mean free time.- c) Constant mean free path.- d) Polarizable molecules.- V. The Fokker-Planck equation.- a) Flow in velocity space.- b) Rutherford scattering.- c) Maxwellian distribution of scatterers.- d) Stochastic processes.- General references.- Formation of Negative Ions.- I. Fundamentals.- II. Methods of evaluation of h and qa.- III. Measurement of energy of ion formation.- IV. Experimental results and interpretation.- V. Formation of negative ions by processes other than attachment in the gaseous phase at low X/p.- References.- The Recombination of Ions.- I. Basic relations.- II. The measurement of the coefficient.- III. Experimental results and the theories of the recombination coefficient.- References.- Ionization in Gases by Electrons in Electric Fields.- A. Introduction.- I. Historical notes.- II. Collisions between electrons, ions, quanta and atoms.- III. The problem.- B. Ionization in uniform electric fields.- I. The electron multiplication.- II. The electron avalanche.- III. The classical theory of ionization by collision.- IV. The methods of measuring ionization coefficients.- V. The results of the measurements.- a) The observed multiplication.- b) The ionization coefficients.- VI. Collision theory and ionization coefficient.- a) Elementary theories.- b) Comparison of the elementary theory with experiment.- c) Theory of the ionization coefficient in monatomic gases.- VII. Multiplication in the presence of negative ions.- VIII. Multiplication in the presence of positive ions.- IX. Multiplication by metastable atoms colliding with traces of a foreign gas.- X. Future work.- C. The non-uniform electric field.- I. Non-uniformity by geometry and its effect on multiplication.- II. Multiplication in space-charge distorted fields.- III. Future work.- D. Ionization in combined electric and magnetic fields.- I. Crossed uniform fields.- II. Future work.- References.- Secondary Effects.- I. The Townsend discharge.- a) Introduction.- b) Physical processes in the discharge.- c) Measurements in steady discharges.- d) Analysis of secondary effects by their time dependence.- e) Measurements in non-uniform fields.- f) The relative importance of various secondary mechanisms.- g) Conclusion.- II. Other discharges.- III. Direct measurement of ionization.- a) Secondary electron emission from metals by positive ions.- b) Secondary electron emission by other means.- c) Ionization in the gas.- References.- Sachverzeichnis (Deutsch-Englisch).- Subject Index (English-German).

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