Overview

Parents provide children with the framework from which they can begin to develop and cultivate their own value system. This framework is developed by socialization, observation and interactions that children have with their parents. Modelling is a powerful, indirect tool through which children learn the most without parents realizing what they are teaching their children. Hence, it is very important for parents to be conscious of their behaviour as they will unknowingly be imitated by their children. The process of the transmission of the values and habits from parents to children begins at a young age and can have lasting effects on the future of individuals, as well as socialization for generations to come. Darling and Steinberg defined parenting as practices which are visible, specific behaviours that are directed towards socializing with their children. According to Curtis and Newman, parenting is a family dynamic that often has a direct impact on and within a family. Hence, parenting is an important and necessary area to be researched upon. There are studies of Baumrind; Muller and Kerbow on parenting which illustrate and examine its impact on children in different ways. Appropriate parenting becomes very vital at the stage of adolescence because this is a crucial stage for identity formation. The word 'adolescence' has a Latin origin, and means to grow or to mature. It is a period of transition where an individual evolves, both physically and psychologically from a child to an adult. The period of adolescence has been described as the period of awakening and self discovery with regard to physical, social, intellectual and emotional competencies. The individual's physical, mental, social, moral and spiritual attitudes go through revolutionary changes. Such changes, during adolescence, are more rapid than during infancy or childhood. During adolescence, the individual wants to make independent decisions in various situations, which may be regarded as an act of indiscipline by the adults around. However, gradually the adolescent starts to regulate one's desires according to the standards set by the society, and begins to realize the social responsibilities. There are various factors which are important for a healthy and effective development of the child like effective study habits, motivation and coping with any kind of stress. These factors affect a student academically, emotionally and socially. Study habits are learner's habitual ways of exercising and practicing their abilities for learning (Yazdani & Godbole, 2014). Motivation is generally defined as internal condition that stimulates, directs and maintains behaviour (Woolfolk, 2004). Coping with stress is the cognitive and behavioural efforts an individual uses to manage specific demands or stressors.

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