Overview

Dimethylsulphide (DMS), emitted by marine phytoplankton, is the second most important source of atmospheric sulphur, after anthropogenic SO2. In the atmosphere, DMS is transformed into condensable acidic sulphur products and, through gas-to-particle conversion, it becomes the most important natural source of atmospheric sulphate aerosols. Possible climatic effects have been suggested, linked to the negative radiative forcing due to scattering of solar radiation and especially to modification of cloud albedo over oceans by sulphate aerosol particles. These effects occur in addition to those deriving from the superimposed anthropogenic component of the atmospheric sulphate. Understanding the cycle of DMS in the marine troposphere and its interaction with the aerosol budget and cloud properties has become a key research target over the past few years. Our knowledge of the many processes involved is still fragmentary, however. This book, which updates the state of our comprehension of the marine DMS cycle with special regard to its climatic impact, should be of interest to marine biologists, atmospheric chemists, aerosol physicists and climatologists, and to scientists concerned with changes in the Earth's climate.

Full Product Details

Author:   G. Restelli ,  G. Angeletti
Publisher:   Springer
Imprint:   Springer
Edition:   1993 ed.
Volume:   43
Dimensions:   Width: 15.60cm , Height: 2.30cm , Length: 23.40cm
Weight:   1.670kg
ISBN:  

9780792324904

ISBN 10:   0792324900
Pages:   400
Publication Date:   30 September 1993
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   In Print  
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Table of Contents

Production by Marine Phytoplancton.- Production of DMS by Marine Phytoplankton.- Assessment of the Role of Zooplankton in the Cycling of DMSP and DMS in the Water Column during EUMELI-4 (France — JGOFS).- The Cycling of Sulfur in Surface Seawater during PSI-3.- Ecophysiology of Ice Algae (Antarctica): Dimethylsulfoniopropionate Content and Release of Dimethylsulfide during Ice Melt.- Isolation of Marine Dimethylsulfide-Oxidizing Bacteria.- Aspects of the Biogeochemistry of Dimethylsulfide (DMS) and Dimethylsulfopropionate (DMSP) at an Antarctic Coastal Site.- The Production of DMS by a Plankton Community: A Mesocosm Experiment.- A Model of Dimethylsulphide Production during a Phytoplankton Bloom.- Field Measurements.- Dimethylsulfide Field Measurements.- Dimethylsulfide and Aerosol Measurements at Ross Island, Antarctica.- Measurements of Atmospheric and Seawater DMS Concentrations in the Atlantic, the Arctic and Antarctic Region.- Biogenic Sulphur in the Marine Boundary Layer of the Arctic the International Arctic Ocean Expedition, 1991.- Measurement of Dimethylsulfide, Sulfur Dioxide, Methanesulfonic Acid and Non Sea Salt Sulfate at Cape Grim Baseline Station.- Caracterization of Parameters Controlling Atmospheric Concentrations of Biogenic Dimethylsulphide Near a Coastal Algae Field.- Dimethylsulphide Measurements at Baring Head, New Zealand.- The Role of Methanesulphonic Acid in Snow Samples from Terra Nova Bay (Antarctica).- Preliminary Data on DMS Concentration in Seawater Samples Collected from the La Spezia Gulf (Ligurian Sea).- Dimethylsulphide and Other Volatile Organic Sulphur Compounds in Some Neglected Ecosystems: A Study in Evaporitic Environments and in Sulphate-Rich Karstic Lakes.- Stable Sulfur Isotope Ratios: Source Indicators.- AtmosphericChemistry.- The Atmospheric Oxidation of Dimethylsulfide: Elementary Steps in a Complex Mechanism.- FT-IR Product Study of the Photolysis of CH3SSCH3: Reactions of the CH3S Radical.- Mechanistic Studies of the OH-Initiated Oxidation of Dimethylsulfide.- Overview and Atmospheric Significance of the Results from Laboratory Kinetic Studies Performed within the CEC Project “OCEANO-NOx”.- Field Studies of Atmospheric DMS Chemistry Using Selected Ion Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry.- Kinetic and Mechanistic Study of the Reaction of Atomic Chlorine with Dimethylsulfide.- Production of Peroxy-Radicals in the DMS Oxidation during Night-Time.- Laboratory and Modelling Studies of the Formation of a Stable Intermediate in the Night-Time Oxidation of DMS.- Do Dimethylsulphide Emissions from the North Atlantic Contribute to Rainwater Acidity and the Atmospheric Sulphur Burden in the UK?.- Gas-to-Particle Conversion and CCN Production.- Gas-to-Particle Conversion and CCN Production.- Pacific Marine Aerosol: Equatorial Gradients in Sulfate, Ammonium and Chlorophyll.- Formation and Distrubution of Cloud Condensation Nuclei in the Marine Environment.- Are Dimethylsulfide and Condensation Nuclei Connected over the Tropical Northeastern Atlantic Ocean?.- Cloud Condensation Nuclei from Dimethylsulphide in the Natural Marine Boundary Layer: Remote vs. In-Situ Production.- Equatorial Convection as a Source of Tropospheric Nuclei over the Remote Pacific.- Relationship between DMS-Derived Particulate Mass, Particle Surface Area, and CN and CCN Number Concentrations.- Global Modelling and Climatic Implications.- Atmospheric Concentration of DMS and Its Oxidation Products Estimated in a Global 3-D Model.- Recent Field Studies of Sulfur Gases; Particles and Clouds in Clean Marine Airand Their Significance with Respect to the DMS-Cloud-Climate Hypothesis.- Modelling of the Sulphur Cycle. From DMS to Cloud Particles.- Model Study of the Ratio between Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA) and Non Sea Salt-Sulphate in Coastal Air.- A Physical Receptor Model Applied to Aerosol Data from Northeastern Greenland.- Recognition and Inventory of Oceanic Clouds from Satellite Data Using an Artificial Neural Network Technique.

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