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OverviewIt is generally believed that doing science means accumulating empirical data with no or little reference to the interpretation of the data based on the scientist’s th- retical framework or presuppositions. Holton (1969a) has deplored the widely accepted myth (experimenticism) according to which progress in science is presented as the inexorable result of the pursuit of logically sound conclusions from un- biguous experimental data. Surprisingly, some of the leading scientists themselves (Millikan is a good example) have contributed to perpetuate the myth with respect to modern science being essentially empirical, that is carefully tested experim- tal facts (free of a priori conceptions), leading to inductive generalizations. Based on the existing knowledge in a field of research a scientist formulates the guiding assumptions (Laudan et al. , 1988), presuppositions (Holton, 1978, 1998) and “hard core” (Lakatos, 1970) of the research program that constitutes the imperative of presuppositions, which is not abandoned in the face of anomalous data. Laudan and his group consider the following paraphrase of Kant by Lakatos as an important guideline: philosophy of science without history of science is empty. Starting in the 1960s, this “historical school” has attempted to redraw and replace the positivist or logical empiricist image of science that dominated for the first half of the twentieth century. Among other aspects, one that looms large in these studies is that of “guiding assumptions” and has considerable implications for the main thesis of this monograph (Chapter 2). Full Product DetailsAuthor: Mansoor NiazPublisher: Springer Imprint: Springer Edition: Softcover reprint of hardcover 1st ed. 2009 Volume: 36 Dimensions: Width: 15.50cm , Height: 1.20cm , Length: 23.50cm Weight: 0.454kg ISBN: 9789048181728ISBN 10: 9048181720 Pages: 216 Publication Date: 28 October 2010 Audience: Professional and scholarly , Professional & Vocational Format: Paperback Publisher's Status: Active Availability: In Print  This item will be ordered in for you from one of our suppliers. Upon receipt, we will promptly dispatch it out to you. For in store availability, please contact us. Table of ContentsQuantitative Imperative Versus the Imperative of Presuppositions.- Understanding Scientific Progress: From Duhem to Lakatos.- Kinetic Theory: Maxwell's Presuppositions.- Periodic Table of the Chemical Elements: From Mendeleev to Moseley.- Foundations of Modern Atomic Theory: Thomson, Rutherford, and Bohr.- Determination of the Elementary Electrical Charge: Millikan and Ehrenhaft.- Paradox of the Photoelectric Effect: Einstein and Millikan.- Bending of Light in the 1919 Eclipse Experiments: Einstein and Eddington.- Lewis's Covalent Bond: From Transfer of Electrons to Sharing of Electrons.- Quantum Mechanics: From Bohr to Bohm.- Wave–Particle Duality: De Broglie, Einstein, and Schrödinger.- Searching for Quarks: Perl's Philosophy of Speculative Experiments.- Conclusion: Inductive Method as a Chimera.ReviewsFrom the reviews: The book is organized in 14 chapters and includes references, an author index and a subject index. ! The book does an excellent job in brining to the foreground the complexity that surrounds the development of ideas in science. ! Overall, the book is a valuable contribution in illustrating a face of science that is often ignored. ! The book will be useful for academics, researchers and students in history, philosophy and education of science. (Sibel Erduran, Science & Education, June, 2010) Author InformationTab Content 6Author Website:Countries AvailableAll regions |
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