Overview

An analysis of weapons-based confidence-building measures shows how academics can work together to self-police their research for national security implications, socialize new members of the academic community into the importance of considering security issues, and develop and disseminate norms regarding what is and is not a moral and ethical use of these technologies. It may be possible for academics and policymakers to come together to work for a ban or build-down on cyber weapons patterned on international efforts to ban chemical and biological weapons and implement export regimes to control the export of code which may form the components of cyber weapons. If we conceptualize cyberspace as territory, we can also learn from the example of territorially-based confidence-building measures such as those implemented along the Indo-Pakistan border. This approach stresses the importance of developing notification procedures to prevent misperceptions and the escalation spiral, as well as communicating regularly to establish trust between all parties. The case studies presented here illustrate the promises and pitfalls of each approach and offer valuable warnings to policymakers seeking to implement such measures in cyberspace. They show what happens when not everyone in a regime is equally committed to a specific outcome by illustrating the difficulties of monitoring compliance in confidence-building regimes, and show the ways in which doctrines and confidence-building measures may not be perfectly aligned. Related items: Distinguishing Acts of War in Cyberspace: Assessment Criteria, Policy Considerations, and Response Implications can be found at this link: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-000-01128-1 Army Support of Military Cyberspace Operations: Joint Contexts and Global Escalation Implications can be found at this link: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-000-01094-3 Cyberterrorism After Stuxnet can be found at this link: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-000-01117-6 Legality in Cyberspace: An Adversary View can be found at this link: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-000-01108-7 Cyber Defense: An International View can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-000-01194-0 The Rise of Iwar: Identity, Information, and the Individualization of Modern Warfare is available here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-000-01198-2 Cyberspace: Malevolent Actors, Criminal Opportunities, and Strategic Competition can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-000-01210-5

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9781584876663

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Strategic Study India http: //strategicstudyindia.blogspot.com/2015_05_03_archive.html Columbia International Affairs Online (CIAO) What the think tanks are thinking https: //www.ciaonet.org/catalog?f%5Bcontent_type%5D%5B%5D=Working+Paper&f%5Btopic%5D%5B%5D=Security&page=5&q=&search_field=all_fields This approach stresses the importance of developing notification procedures to prevent misperceptions and the escalation spiral, as well as communicating regularly to establish trust between all parties. The case studies show what happens when not everyone in a regime is equally committed to a specific outcome by illustrating the difficulties of monitoring compliance in confidence-building regimes, and show the ways in which doctrines and confidence-building measures may not be perfectly aligned. May 1, 2015 Future World Foundation Confidence Building in Cyberspace: A Comparison of Territorial and Weapons-Based Regimes Addressing vulnerability and promoting security - Mary Manjikian https: //www.futureworldfoundation.org/Content/Article.aspx?ArticleID=12090 Confidence-building measures in biological and chemical warfare date back to the beginning of he 20th century. Experience with biological weapons has shown that academics can police their research for national security implications, socialise new members into considering security issues, and develop and dissemination moral and ethical norms. In this report for the Strategic Studies Institute, Mary Manjikian conceptualizes cyberspace as territory, and explores territorial confidence-building measures. The case studies illustrate the promises and pitfalls of the approaches she discusses and offer warnings to policymakers seeking to act in cyberspace.

Strategic Study India http: //strategicstudyindia.blogspot.com/2015_05_03_archive.html Columbia International Affairs Online (CIAO) What the think tanks are thinking https: //www.ciaonet.org/catalog?f%5Bcontent_type%5D%5B%5D=Working+Paper&f%5Btopic%5D%5B%5D=Security&page=5&q=&search_field=all_fields This approach stresses the importance of developing notification procedures to prevent misperceptions and the escalation spiral, as well as communicating regularly to establish trust between all parties. The case studies show what happens when not everyone in a regime is equally committed to a specific outcome by illustrating the difficulties of monitoring compliance in confidence-building regimes, and show the ways in which doctrines and confidence-building measures may not be perfectly aligned. May 1, 2015 Future World Foundation Confidence Building in Cyberspace: A Comparison of Territorial and Weapons-Based Regimes Addressing vulnerability and promoting security - Mary Manjikian https: //www.futureworldfoundation.org/Content/Article.aspx?ArticleID=12090 Confidence-building measures in biological and chemical warfare date back to the beginning of he 20th century. Experience with biological weapons has shown that academics can police their research for national security implications, socialise new members into considering security issues, and develop and dissemination moral and ethical norms. In this report for the Strategic Studies Institute, Mary Manjikian conceptualizes cyberspace as territory, and explores territorial confidence-building measures. The case studies illustrate the promises and pitfalls of the approaches she discusses and offer warnings to policymakers seeking to act in cyberspace.

Strategic Study India http: //strategicstudyindia.blogspot.com/2015_05_03_archive.html May 1, 2015 Future World Foundation Confidence Building in Cyberspace: A Comparison of Territorial and Weapons-Based Regimes Addressing vulnerability and promoting security - Mary Manjikian https: //www.futureworldfoundation.org/Content/Article.aspx?ArticleID=12090 Confidence-building measures in biological and chemical warfare date back to the beginning of he 20th century. Experience with biological weapons has shown that academics can police their research for national security implications, socialise new members into considering security issues, and develop and dissemination moral and ethical norms. In this report for the Strategic Studies Institute, Mary Manjikian conceptualizes cyberspace as territory, and explores territorial confidence-building measures. The case studies illustrate the promises and pitfalls of the approaches she discusses and offer warnings to policymakers seeking to act in cyberspace. Columbia International Affairs Online (CIAO) What the think tanks are thinking https: //www.ciaonet.org/catalog?f%5Bcontent_type%5D%5B%5D=Working+Paper&f%5Btopic%5D%5B%5D=Security&page=5&q=&search_field=all_fields This approach stresses the importance of developing notification procedures to prevent misperceptions and the escalation spiral, as well as communicating regularly to establish trust between all parties. The case studies show what happens when not everyone in a regime is equally committed to a specific outcome by illustrating the difficulties of monitoring compliance in confidence-building regimes, and show the ways in which doctrines and confidence-building measures may not be perfectly aligned.

Author Information

ABOUT THE AUTHOR: MARY MANJIKIAN is Associate Dean of the Robertson School of Government at Regent University. She previously served as a U.S. Foreign Service officer in The Netherlands, Russia, and Bulgaria, and as a Fulbright Scholar at Durham University's Institute of Advanced Study. Dr. Manjikian's publications include Apocalypse and Post-Politics: The Romance of the End (Lexington Books, 2012), Threat Talk: Comparative Politics of Internet Addiction in China and the US (Ashgate, 2012), and Securitization of Property Squatting in Western Europe (Routledge, 2013). Her articles have also appeared in such journals as International Studies Quarterly, International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, Intelligence and National Security, and the International Feminist Journal of Politics. Dr. Manjikian holds an M.Phil. from Oxford University and a Ph.D. from the University of Michigan.

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