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China's investment, development, and growing influence in Africa has significant consequences to the United States. China competes using unrestricted warfare. Thus, investment does not guarantee sustainable growth for African countries and potentially destabilizes economies. Furthermore, this practice leaves nations vulnerable to violent extremist recruitment and criminal networks. The purpose of this study is to provide insight into Xi Jinping's Chinese Dream, Africa's role in Xi's vision, and China's use of unrestricted warfare. The underlying thesis of this study argues China's strategy in Africa effectively employs elements of UW as a means to project strategic influence in Africa by extending operational reach for its military forces and thus, threatens U.S. security. By understanding how China uses unrestricted warfare in Africa, U.S. military planners gain insight into the China's deliberate employment of unrestricted warfare to accomplish President Xi Jinping's grand strategy. This more comprehensive understanding of the complexity of China's investment on the continent enhances U.S. efforts to stabilize, counter VEO emergence, and create self-reliant partners to increase regional security.Contents: 1. Introduction * 2. Case Study * 3. The History of China In Africa * 4. China in Africa Operational Approach * 5. The United States in Africa * 6. Demonstration of China's Employment of Unrestricted Warfare * 7. Effective Use and Consequences of Unrestricted Warfare * 8. Findings and Analysis * 9. ConclusionThis compilation also includes a reproduction of the 2019 Worldwide Threat Assessment of the U.S. Intelligence Community.Africa remains a vitally important part of the U.S. national security strategy. In the 2017 National Security Strategy (NSS), the United States acknowledges China's economic encroachment with considerable potential security risks due to undermining Africa's long-term economic development. The NSS states, China is expanding its economic and military presence in Africa, growing from a small investor in the continent two decades ago into Africa's largest trading partner today. Some Chinese practices undermine Africa's long-term development by corrupting elites, dominating extractive industries, and locking countries into unsustainable and opaque debts and commitments. As of 2018, the United States acknowledged this threat to stability in the region while United States Africa Command (AFRICOM) remained focused on addressing violent extremism in its posture statement. The emerging Africa strategy and the 2019 AFRICOM Posture Statement acknowledge the threat of great power competition, nesting the aims of AFRICOM with the strategic guidance of the 2017 National Security Strategy, and 2018 National Defense Strategy to compete with China. However, AFRICOM is not currently resourced with the proper means to compete with China, combat violent extremism, and retain the freedom of maneuver necessary to further U.S. interests. China's strategy in Africa effectively employs elements of UW as a means to project strategic influence in Africa by extending operational reach for its military forces. China expands its efforts using synchrony, the pursuit of targeted but limited objectives, and using multi-dimensionality regarding means. China's use of aid and economic development in its practice of UW challenges U.S. strategy in Africa, and legitimacy in Africa threatening U.S. national security. Thus, the United States must develop strategy beyond addressing violent extremism to respond to China's expanding operational reach and access.

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