Overview

Not much more than a decade has passed since the appearance of the outstanding handbook, Catecholamines, edited by BLASCHKO and MUSCHOLL, in the series: Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. However, this extremely well organized volume dealt mainly with the origin, molecular actions, and fate of the naturally occuring catecholamines. It was felt that a separate volume should be dedicated to the remarkable and exciting progress made in the field of agents influencing the adrenergic system, both in physiologic and pharmacologic respect. The editor of the present volume considers himself lucky to have been able to persuade a number of eminent specialists to collaborate. The main concept of the present handbook is a systematic approach to the various effects of adrenergic activators and inhibitors starting with the chemistry and structure actitivity relationship, followed by the evaluation of adrenergic activators and inhibitors, and discussing their mode of action. The most voluminous part is the chapter dealing with the systemic pharma cology of these agents analyzing the effects on the central nervous system, on the autonomic nervous system, on the cardiovascular, the respiratory, the digestive, the endocrine system, on the skeletal muscle, and on metabolism. Kinetics and bio transformation, further toxic effects are discussed in the following chapters. A special chapter on clinical features concludes the monograph.

Full Product Details

Author:   Nils-Erik Anden ,  J.M. Armstrong ,  A. Arnold ,  J. Blasig
Publisher:   Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. KG
Imprint:   Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
Edition:   Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1980
Volume:   54 / 1
ISBN:  

9783642675072

ISBN 10:   3642675077
Publication Date:   15 August 1981
Audience:   Professional and scholarly ,  Professional & Vocational
Format:   Paperback
Publisher's Status:   Active
Availability:   In Print  
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Table of Contents

Section I: General Considerations.- 1 Chemistry of Alpha- and Beta-Adrenoceptor Agonists and Antagonists.- A. Introduction.- B. Beta-Adrenergic Agonists.- I. Subclassification of Beta-Adrenoceptors.- II. Structure-Activity Relationships.- 1. Substitution on the Amine Group.- 2. Substitution on the Aromatic Ring.- 3. Side Chain Substitution; Conformation of Phenylethanolamines.- 4. Phenoxypropanolamines.- C. Beta-Adrenergic Antagonists.- I. Potency and Tissue Selectivity.- 1. Side Chain Variations.- 2. Substitution on the Amino Group.- 3. Substitution on the Aromatic Ring.- II. Intrinsic Sympathomimetic Activity.- III. Membrane-Stabilizing Activity.- D. Alpha-Adrenergic Agonists.- E. Subclassification of Alpha-Adrenoceptors.- F. Alpha-Adrenergic Antagonists.- I. Ergot Derivatives.- II. Haloalkylamines; Irreversible Alpha-Blockade.- III. Phenoxyalkylamines and Benzodioxans.- IV. Dibenzazepines and Dibenzazocines.- V. Imidazolines and Related Heterocycles.- VI. Phenylethanolamines.- VII. Piperazines, Piperidines, and Related Heterocycles.- VIII. Yohimbine.- IX. Neuroleptic Drugs.- References.- 2 Sympathomimetic Amine-Induced Responses of Effector Organs Subserved by Alpha-, Beta1-, and Beta2-Adrenoceptors.- A. Introduction.- B. Alpha-Adrenoceptor-Mediated Responses.- I. Vasoconstriction.- II. Spleen Smooth Muscle.- III. Uterus.- IV. Seminal Vesicles.- V. Retractor Penis.- VI. Eye.- VII. Nictitating Membrane.- VIII. Liver.- 1. Glycogenolysis.- 2. Gluconeogenesis.- IX. Intestinal Smooth Muscle.- X. Additional Delineations.- C. Beta1-Adrenoceptor-Mediated Responses.- I. Cardiac Excitation.- II. Cardiac Glycogenolysis.- III. Vascular Smooth Muscle.- 1. Coronaries.- 2. Intestinal Smooth Muscle.- IV. Kidney Renin Release.- V. Adipose Tissue.- 1. White Adipose Tissue Lipolysis.- 2. White Adipose Tissue Lipogenesis.- 3. Brown Adipose Tissue Calorigenesis (Nonshivering Thermogenesis).- VI. Salivary Gland Secretion.- VII. Additional Observations.- D. Beta2-Adrenoceptor-Mediated Responses.- I. Vascular Smooth Muscle Relaxation.- II. Tracheal and Bronchial Smooth Muscle.- 1. Relaxation.- 2. Antianaphylaxis.- III. Skeletal Muscle.- 1. Contraction.- 2. Glycogenolysis (Lacticacidemia).- IV. Potassium Uptake (Hypokalemia).- V. Urinary Bladder.- VI. Uterus.- VII. Insulin Release.- VIII. Gall Bladder.- IX. Vas Deferens.- X. Rat Diaphragm.- XI. Additional Observations.- E. Summary.- References.- 3 Evaluation of Adrenergic Alpha- and Beta-Receptor Activators and Adrenergic Alpha- and Beta-Receptor Blocking Agents.- A. In Vivo Tests.- B. Organ-Perfusion Tests.- C. Isolated Tissues for Evaluation of Adrenergic Drugs.- D. Quantitation of Agonists and Factors Which Affect the Quantitation.- E. Design of an Experiment.- F. Base Line Problems.- G. Analysis of Data.- H. Factors Which Influence the Shapes and Slopes of the Dose-Response Curves of Sympathomimetic Substances.- I. Stereoisomeric Forms.- II. Indirect Action.- III. Density of Adrenergic Innervation.- IV. Distribution of Adrenoceptors.- V. Dose-Response Curves and Ca2+Ions.- VI. Enzymatic Degradation and Drug Disposition.- VII. Miscellaneous Factors.- I. Procedures for Determination of Dissociation Constants (KA) of Agonists.- J. Evaluation of Adrenergic Blockers and Associated Experimental Complications.- K. Evaluation of Adrenergic Drugs in Subcellular Fractions.- L. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 4 Evaluation of Agents That Release or Modify Release of Adrenergic Transmitter.- A. General Considerations.- I. Adrenergic Transmitter-Releasing Agents.- 1. Ganglion Stimulants.- II. Drugs Causing Impaired Transmitter Release.- 1. Major Classes.- 2. The Evaluation of Adrenergic Neurone-Blocking Agents.- 3. The Evaluation of Agents that Deplete Noradrenaline.- 4. Inhibition of Noradrenaline Synthesis.- 5. Evaluation of False Transmitter Substances.- 6. Evaluation of Presynaptic Alpha-Adrenoceptor Agonists.- 7. Other Presynaptic Systems that Reduce Transmitter Release.- B. Some Prefered Methods and Their Use in Evaluating Drugs.- I. Cat Spleen: Release of Adrenergic Transmitter and Motor Responses.- 1. Method.- 2. Evaluation of Drugs.- II. Rabbit Pulmonary Artery: Release of Adrenergic Transmitter and Contractile Response.- 1. Method.- 2. Evaluation of Drugs.- III. Vas Deferens Preparations: Contractions and the Release of Adrenergic Transmitter.- 1. Method.- 2. Evaluation of Drugs.- IV. Perfused Mesenteric Artery of the Rat: Vasoconstrictor Response.- 1. Method.- 2. Evaluation of Drugs.- V. Pithed Rat: Cardiovascular Responses to Sympathetic Activation.- 1. Method.- 2. Evaluation of Drugs.- VI. Anaesthetised Cat: Cardiovascular and Nictitating-Membrane Responses and Reference to Isolated Nictitating-Membrane Preparations.- 1. Methods.- 2. Evaluation of Drugs.- VII. Nictitating-Membrane Relaxation in Unanaesthetised Cats.- VIII. Ptosis in Mice.- IX. Cardiovascular Studies.- 1. Method.- 2. Evaluation of Drugs.- References.- 5 Catecholamine Receptors on Nerve Terminals.- A. Introduction.- B. Prejunctional Alpha-Adrenoceptors on Noradrenergic Nerve Terminals.- I. General Considerations.- II. Effects of Antagonists on Prejunctional Alpha-Adrenoceptors.- 1. Alpha-Adrenoceptor Antagonists and Hypertension.- III. Effects of Agonists on Prejunctional Alpha-Adrenoceptors.- IV. Effects of Partial Agonists on Prejunctional Alpha-Adrenoceptors.- V. Characterization of Prejunctional Alpha-Adrenoceptors.- 1. Localization of Prejunctional Alpha-Adrenoceptors.- 2. Mechanisms of Coupling of Prejunctional Alpha-Adrenoceptors to Inhibition of Transmitter Release.- 3. Differences Between Prejunctional and Postjunctional Alpha-Adrenoceptors.- VI. Inhibitory Feedback Effects of Transmitter on Prejunctional Alpha-Adrenoceptors.- 1. Normal Noradrenergic Transmission.- 2. Effect of Blockade of Transmitter Reuptake.- 3. Effects of Depletion of Noradrenaline Transmitter Stores.- 4. Effect of False Transmitters.- C. Prejunctional Beta-Adrenoceptors on Noradrenergic Nerve Terminals.- I. Effects of Beta-Adrenoceptor Agonists on Noradrenergic Transmission.- II. Effects of Beta-Adrenoceptor Antagonists on Noradrenergic Transmission.- III. A Facilitatory Feedback Loop Through Prejunctional Beta-Adrenoceptors in Noradrenergic Transmission.- 1. Normal Transmission.- 2. Possible Role of Prejunctional Beta-Adrenoceptors in Hypertension.- D. Prejunctional Dopamine Receptors on Noradrenergic Nerve Endings.- I. Possible Relevance of Prejunctional Dopamine Receptors in Understanding Clinical Phenomena.- E. Catecholamine Receptors on Cholinergic Nerve Terminals.- I. Autonomic Cholinergic Nerve Terminals.- 1. Interaction Between Cholinergic and Adrenergic Nerve Terminals.- II. Autonomic Ganglionic Transmission.- 1. Adrenal Medulla.- F. Conclusion.- References.- 6 Adrenergic Agents, Calcium Ions, and Cyclic Nucleotides in the Control of Cell Proliferation.- A. Introduction.- B. Definitions.- C. Proliferative Activation or Modulation by Catecholamines.- I. Salivary Gland Acinar Cells.- II. Squamous Epithelial Cells.- III. Corneal Epithelium, Duodenum, Kidney, and Prostate.- IV. Bone Marrow Precursor (CFU-S) Cells.- V. Thymic Lymphoblasts.- D. Cyclic Nucleotides in Proliferative Development.- I. Proliferative Activation In Vivo.- II. Proliferative Activation In Vitro.- III. Postactivation Phases In Vivo and In Vitro.- E. Calcium in Cell Proliferation.- F. Possible Interaction Mechanism of Calcium and Cyclic AMP in Proliferative Control.- G. Conclusions.- References.- 7 Effects on the Metabolism.- A. Introduction.- B. Carbohydrate Metabolism.- I. Man.- 1. Adrenoceptor Agonists.- 2. Adrenoceptor Antagonists.- II. Baboon and Monkey.- III. Rabbit.- 1. Adrenoceptor Agonists.- 2. Adrenoceptor Antagonists.- IV. Rat.- 1. Alpha-Adrenoceptor Agonists.- V. Mouse.- 1. Adrenoceptor Agonists.- 2. Adrenoceptor Antagonists.- VI. Dog.- 1. Adrenoceptor Agonists.- 2. Adrenoceptor Antagonists.- VII. Cat.- C. Lipid Metabolism.- I. Human.- 1. Adrenoceptor Agonists and Antagonists.- 2. Adipose Tissue In Vitro.- II. Baboon.- III. Rabbit.- 1. Adrenoceptor Agonists.- 2. Adipose Tissue In Vitro.- IV. Rat.- 1. Adrenoceptor Agonists.- 2. Adrenoceptor Antagonists.- 3. Adipose Tissue In Vitro.- V. Mouse.- VI. Dog.- 1. Adrenoceptor Agonists and Antagonists.- 2. Adipose Tissue In Vitro.- VII. Cat.- D. Summary.- References.- Section II: Effects on the Autonomic and on the Central Nervous System.- A. Presynaptic Receptors in the Autonomic Nervous System.- A. Introduction.- B. Early Developments.- C. Effects of Alpha-Adrenoceptor Antagonists.- D. Effects of Adrenoceptor Agonists.- E. Alpha-Receptors on Other Autonomic Nerves and on Adrenal Medullary Cells.- F. The Nature of the Inhibitory Presynaptic Receptor.- G. Mechanism of Alpha-Receptor Mediated Inhibition.- H. Presynaptic Dopamine Receptors.- I. Presynaptic Facilitatory Beta-Receptors.- J. Physiological and Clinical Function of Presynaptic Receptors.- References.- B. Adrenergic Activators and Inhibitors on the Central Nervous System.- 1 Regulation of Monoamine Synthesis and Utilization by Receptors.- A. Introduction.- B. Functional Aspects.- I. Noradrenaline Receptors.- II. Dopamine Receptors.- III. 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptors.- C. Biochemical Aspects.- I. Noradrenaline.- II. Dopamine.- III. 5-Hydroxytryptamine.- D. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 2 Interactions of Opiates and Endorphins With Cerebral Catecholamines.- A. Introduction.- B. Behavioral Studies.- I. Effects of Pharmacological Manipulation of Central Catecholamines on Opiate Action.- 1. Acute Opiate Effects.- 2. Chronic Opiate Effects.- C. Biochemical Studies.- I. Effects of Opiates on the Content and Turnover of Catecholamines In Vivo.- 1. Acute Opiate Administration.- 2. Chronic Opiate Administration.- 3. Withdrawal.- II. Effects of Opiates on Catecholamine Metabolism In Vitro.- 1. Acute Opiate Administration.- 2. Chronic Opiate Administration.- D. Single Neuron and Receptor Studies.- I. Effects of Opiates on Single Neurons in the Striatum.- II. Interactions Between Opiates and Catecholamine-Blocking Drugs at Opiate and Dopamine Receptors.- E. Catecholamines in Endorphin Mechanisms.- I. Behavioral and Biochemical Studies.- II. Morphological Studies.- F. Summary and Concluding Remarks.- References.- 3 Behavioural Pharmacology Reflecting Catecholamine Neurotransmission.- A. Outlining the Problem.- B. Establishing a Quantitative Relationship Between Neurotransmission and Behaviour.- I. Behavioural Measurements Amplify Neuronal Degeneration .- II. Matching Neuronal and Behavioural Supersensitivity.- C. Behavioural Patterns Reflect Neurotransmission in Discrete Systems.- D. A New Approach in Behavioural Pharmacology.- E. Where Does Behavioural Pharmacology Fit In - Some Final Reflections.- References.- 4 Regulation of the Arterial Blood Pressure.- A. Introduction.- B. Effects of Centrally Applied Drugs on Arterial Blood Pressure.- I. Brain Stem.- 1. Effects of Adrenoceptor Activators.- 2. Effects of Alpha- and Beta-Adrenoceptor Blocking Drugs.- 3. Effects of Antihypertensive Drugs.- II. Hypothalamus.- 1. Effects of Adrenoceptor Activators.- 2. Effects of Alpha- and Beta-Adrenoceptor Blocking Drugs.- 3. Effects of Antihypertensive Drugs.- C. Catecholamine Mechanisms in Experimental Hypertension.- I. Noradrenaline.- II. Adrenaline.- III. Conclusions.- References.- 5 Catecholamines and the Regulation of Body Temperature.- A. Catecholaminergic Thermogenesis: Peripheral Mechanisms.- B. Central Catecholamines and Heat Dissipation.- I. Action of Norepinephrine on the Hypothalamus.- II. Activity of Endogenous Catecholamines.- III. Dopamine and 6-OH-DA.- C. Drugs Affecting Catecholamine Systems.- I. Alterations in 6-OH-DA Hypothermia.- II. Interference With Catecholamine Synthesis and Degradation.- III. Catecholamine Receptor Mechanisms.- D. Conclusion.- References.- 6 Regulation of Food Intake.- A. Introduction.- B. Brain Norepinephrine and Feeding.- I. Intracerebral Norepinephrine Injections.- II. Pharmacological Considerations.- III. Norepinephrine Neuron Destruction: Acute and Chronic Effects.- IV. Measurements of Norepinephrine Content, Turnover, and Efflux in Relation to Feeding.- C. Brain Dopamine-Containing Neurons and Feeding.- I. Damage to Dopamine-Containing Neurons and the Lateral Hypothalamic Syndrome.- II. Brain Dopamine-Containing Neurons in Experimental Hyperphagias.- 1. Ventromedial Hypothalamic Hyperphagia.- 2. Electrical Brain Stimulation and Tail Pinch.- References.- 7 Regulation of Water Intake.- A. Introduction.- B. Role of Central Catecholamines in Drinking.- I. Lesion Experiments.- II. Central Application of Sympathomimetic Amines and Their Antagonists.- 1. Noradrenaline.- 2. Isoprenaline.- 3. Alpha- and Beta-Receptor Antagonists.- 4. Dopamine and Dopamine Antagonists.- C. Dipsogenic Effects of Catecholamines Administered into the Peripheral Circulation.- D. Conclusion.- References.- Section III: Effects on the Cardiovascular System.- 1 Effect of Adrenergic Activators and Inhibitors on the Electrical Activity of the Heart.- A. Introduction.- B. Cardiac Electrophysiologic Effects and Mechanism of Arrhythmogenic and Antiarrhythmic Actions of Adrenergic Activators.- I. Influence of Activation of Adrenergic Receptors of the Heart on the Electrophysiology of the Cardiac Cell.- II. Ionic Basis of the Mechanism of the Cardiac Electrophysiologic Changes Induced by Activation of Adrenergic Receptors of the Heart.- III. Effects of Activation of Adrenergic Receptors on the Major Electrophysiologic Parameters of the Heart in Situ.- 1. Automaticity.- 2. Conduction, Excitability, and Refractoriness.- IV. Arrhythmogenic Effect of Sympathetic Excitation.- V. Arrhythmogenic Action of Adrenergic Activators.- VI. Morphological Basis of Adrenergically Induced Cardiac Arrhythmias.- VII. Importance of the Adrenergic Beta-Receptors of the Heart in the Arrhythmogenic and Other Cardiac Effects of Adrenergic Activation.- VIII. Adrenergically Induced Cardiac Arrhythmias Due to Reentry Mechanism.- IX. Role of Adrenergic Activation in the Mechanism of Arrhythmias Appearing Under Pathologic Conditions.- 1. Importance of Adrenergic Activation in the Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias Due to Hypothermia.- 2. Possible Mechanism of the Enhanced Susceptibility to Fibrillation of the Hypothermic Heart in Situ.- 3. Significance of Adrenergic Activation in the Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias Due to Generalized Hypoxia.- 4. Role of Adrenergic Mechanisms in the Effect of Regional Myocardial Ischemia on the Susceptibility to Arrhythmia of the Heart.- X. Effect of Adrenergic Activators Other Than Natural Catecholamines on Cardiac Electrophysiologic Properties.- C. Cardiac Electrophysiologic Effects and the Mechanism of Antiarrhythmic Action of Adrenergic Inhibitors.- I. Effect on Cardiac Electrical Activity and Antiarrhythmic Properties of Adrenergic Receptor Blocking Substances.- 1. Effect of Adrenergic Alpha-Receptor Blocking Agents on the Electrical Activity and Dysrhythmias of the Heart.- 2. Effect of Adrenergic Beta-Receptor Blocking Substances on Cardiac Electrophysiology at the Cellular Level as Well as in Heart in Situ.- II. Effect of Adrenergic Nerve-Ending Inhibitors and Neural Transmitter Depleting Agents on Some Electrophysiologic Properties of the Heart and Their Mode of Action in Cardiac Arrhythmias.- References.- 2 Effects of Beta- and Alpha-Adrenoceptor Activators and Adrenergic Transmitter Releasing Agents on the Mechanical Activity of the Heart.- A. Introduction.- B. Effects of Beta-Adrenoceptor Activators.- I. Characterization of the Beta-Adrenergic-Mechanical Response.- 1. Time Course of the Beta-Adrenergic Positive Inotropic Effect.- 2. Mechanical Characteristics of Beta-Adrenergic Inotropism.- 3. Calcium Dependence of the Beta-Adrenergic Inotropic Response.- 4. Sodium Dependence of the Beta-Adrenergic Inotropic Response.- 5. Potassium Dependence of the Beta-Adrenergic Inotropic Response.- 6. Temperature Dependence of the Beta-Adrenergic Inotropic Response.- 7. Influence of Acid-Base Changes on the Beta-Adrenergic Inotropic Response.- 8. Frequency Dependence of the Beta-Adrenergic Inotropic Response.- 9. Effects of Beta-Adrenergic Agonists on Rested-State Contractions.- 10. Effects of Beta-Adrenergic Agonists on Potassium Contractures.- 11. Summary of the Characteristics of the Beta-Adrenergic Mechanical Response.- II. Possible Mechanism(s) of the Positive Inotropic and Relaxant Effects of Beta-Adrenergic Stimulation.- 1. Effects of Beta-Adrenergic Stimulation on Myocardial Calcium Movements.- 2. Beta-Adrenergic Mechanical Effects and C-AMP.- 3. Possible Mechanisms and Sites of Regulatory Effects of C-AMP.- 4. Mechanical Effects of Beta-Adrenergic Stimulation and C-GMP.- 5. Summary of the Possible Mechanism(s) of the Positive Inotropic and Relaxant Effects of Beta-Adrenergic Stimulation.- C. Effects of Alpha-Adrenoceptor Activators.- I. Do Alpha-Adrenoceptors Mediating Mechanical Responses Exist in Cardiac Muscle?.- II. Mechanical Effects of Phenylephrine.- 1. Characterization of the Adrenoceptors Mediating the Positive Inotropic Effect of Phenylephrine.- 2. Time Course of the Positive Inotropic Effect of Phenylephrine.- 3. Mechanical Characteristics of the Positive Inotropic Effect of Phenylephrine and Effect on Potassium Contractures.- 4. Frequency Dependence of the Positive Inotropic Effect of Phenylephrine.- 5. Temperature Dependence of the Positive Inotropic Effect of Phenylephrine.- 6. Dependence of the Positive Inotropic Effect of Phenylephrine on Thyroid Hormone.- 7. Positive Chronotropic Effect of Phenylephrine.- III. Positive Inotropic Effects of Methoxamine and Other Alpha-Sympathomimetic Agents.- IV. Possible Mechanism(s) of the Positive Inotropic Effect of Alpha-Adrenergic Stimulation.- 1. Effects of Alpha-Adrenergic Stimulation on Myocardial Calcium Movements.- 2. Alpha-Adrenergic Positive Inotropic Effects and C-AMP.- 3. Alpha-Adrenergic Positive Inotropic Effects and C-GMP.- V. Summary and Conclusions on the Mechanical Effects of Alpha-Adrenergic Stimulation.- D. Effects of Adrenergic Transmitter Releasing Agents.- E. Concluding Remarks.- References.- 3 Effects of Adrenergic Activators and Inhibitors on the Coronary Circulation.- A. Introduction.- B. Effects of Adrenaline and Noradrenaline on Coronary Blood Flow.- I. Evidence Supporting Vasoconstriction as the Primary Effect of Noradrenaline on Coronary Vessels.- 1. Experiments Involving Cardiac Sympathetic Nerve Stimulation.- 2. Local and/or Systemic Administration of Noradrenaline in Conscious Animals.- 3. Effects of Adrenaline and Noradrenaline in Anaesthetized Animals, Especially After Beta-Adrenoceptor Blockade.- 4. Experiments on Isolated Heart Preparations.- 5. Effects of Noradrenaline and Adrenaline on Isolated Coronary Vessels.- II. Evidence Supporting Vasodilatation as the Primary Effect of Noradrenaline and Adrenaline on Coronary Vessels.- 1. Experiments in Conscious Animals.- 2. Experiments in Anaesthetized Animals.- 3. Isolated Coronary Perfused or Nonworking Heart Preparations.- 4. Isolated Coronary Vessels.- III. Effects of Noradrenaline in Myocardial Ischaemia.- C. Coronary Responses to Other Beta-Adrenoceptor Stimulating Drugs.- I. Isoprenaline.- 1. General Effects.- 2. Effects on the Distribution of Blood Flow in the Left Ventricular Wall.- 3. Effects in Acute Myocardial Ischaemia.- II. Salbutamol.- III. Oxyfedrine.- 1. General Effects.- 2. Effects in Acute Myocardial Ischaemia.- IV. Dopamine.- 1. General Effects.- 2. Effects in Acute Myocardial Ischaemia.- V. Dobutamine.- 1. General Effects.- 2. Effects in Acute Myocardial Ischaemia.- VI. Miscellaneous Drugs.- D. Effects of Beta-Adrenoceptor Blocking Drugs on Coronary Blood Flow.- I. Dichloroisoprenaline.- II. Pronethalol.- III. Propranolol.- 1. Effects in Anaesthetized Animals.- 2. Possible Mechanisms for the Reduction of Blood Flow.- 3. Effects on the Distribution of Blood Flow Across the Left Ventricular Wall.- 4. Effects in Conscious Dogs and Monkeys.- 5. Effects on Coronary Blood Flow in Man.- 6. Effects in Acute Myocardial Ischaemia.- IV. Practolol.- 1. General Effects.- 2. Effects in Acute Myocardial Ischaemia.- 3. Use in Analysing the Coronary Vascular Beta-Adrenoceptor Type.- V. Oxprenolol.- VI. Sotalol.- VII. Alprenolol.- VIII. Pindolol.- IX. Timolol.- X. Tolamolol.- XI. Atenolol.- XII. Labetalol.- E. Drugs With Predominantly Alpha-Adrenoceptor Activity and Drugs Acting Indirectly by Release of Neuronal Noradrenaline.- I. General Effects.- II. Effect of Alpha-Adrenoceptor Agonists in Acute Myocardial Ischaemia.- F. Effects of Alpha-Adrenoceptor Blocking Agents on Coronary Blood Flow.- G. Adrenergic Neurone Blockade and the Coronary Circulation.- References.- 4 Effects on Myocardial Metabolism.- A. Action of Adrenergic Agonists.- I. General Aspects.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Mode of Action.- II. Metabolic Actions of Adrenergic Agonists.- 1. Glycogenolysis/Glycolysis.- 2. Lipolysis.- 3. Adenine Nucleotides.- 4. Development of Cardiac Hypertrophy.- B. Action of Adrenergic Antagonists.- I. Beta-Blocking Agents.- II. Alpha-Blocking Agents.- C. Endogenous Neurotransmitter Depleting and Releasing Agents.- References.- 5 Effects on the General Hemodynamics and Peripheral Circulation.- A. Adrenergic Activators.- I. Introduction.- 1. Historical Aspects.- 2. Division of Vasculature.- II. Adrenaline (Epinephrine).- 1. General Hemodynamics.- 2. Cerebral Circulation.- 3. Renal Circulation.- 4. Splanchnic Circulation.- 5. Circulation of Skeletal Muscles and Skin.- III. Noradrenaline (Norepinephrine).- 1. General Hemodynamics.- 2. Cerebral Circulation.- 3. Renal Circulation.- 4. Splanchnic Circulation.- 5. Circulation of Skeletal Muscles and Skin.- IV. Dopamine.- 1. General Hemodynamics.- 2. Cerebral Circulation.- 3. Renal Circulation.- 4. Splanchnic Circulation.- 5. Circulation of Skeletal Muscles.- 6. Aorta.- V. Isoprenaline.- 1. General Hemodynamics.- 2. Cerebral Circulation.- 3. Renal Circulation.- 4. Splanchnic Circulation.- 5. Circulation of Skeletal Muscles and Skin.- VI. Phenylephrine.- VII. Mephentermine.- VIII. Metaraminol.- IX. Methoxamine.- X. Tyramine.- XI. Amphetamine.- XII. Ephedrine.- XIII. Dobutamine.- XIV. L-Dopa.- XV. Clonidine.- XVI. Effects of Adrenergic Activators on Veins.- B. Adrenergic Alpha-Receptor Blocking Agents.- I. Introduction.- II. Hemodynamic Effects of Acute Administration.- 1. General Hemodynamics.- 2. Cerebral Circulation.- 3. Renal Circulation.- 4. Splanchnic Circulation.- 5. Circulation of Skeletal Muscles and Skin.- 6. Pulmonary Circulation.- 7. Veins.- III. Effects of Alpha-Adrenergic Blocking Drugs on Pressor Responses to Various Adrenergic Agonists and Reflectory Stimuli.- IV. Use of Adrenergic Alpha-Receptor Blocking Agents in Cardiovascular Therapeutics.- C. Adrenergic Beta-Receptor Blocking Agents.- I. Hemodynamic Effects of Acute Administration.- II. Hemodynamic Effects of Subacute and Prolonged Administration in Animals.- III. Hemodynamic Effects of Prolonged Administration in Man.- 1. General Considerations.- 2. Hemodynamic Effects of the Antihypertensive Treatment With Adrenergic Beta-Receptor Blocking Agents.- D. Reserpine.- I. Introduction.- II. Hemodynamic Effects of Acute Administration.- 1. Animals.- 2. Man.- III. Effects on Vasomotor Reflexes.- IV. Effects on Responses to Various Vasoactive Agents.- V. Hemodynamic Effects of Subacute Administration.- VI. Hemodynamic Effects of Chronic Administration.- 1. Animals.- 2. Man.- E. Adrenergic Neuron Blocking Agents.- I. Hemodynamic Effects of Acute Administration.- II. Hemodynamic Effects of Prolonged Administration in Animals.- III. Hemodynamic Effects of Subacute and Prolonged Administration in Man.- F. Methyldopa.- I. Hemodynamic Effects in Animals.- II. Hemodynamic Effects in Man.- References.- Author Index.

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