Overview

A RESOURCE-BASED HABITAT VIEW FOR CONSERVATION In A Resource-Based Habitat View for Conservation Roger Dennis introduces a novel approach to the understanding of habitats based on resources and conditions required by organisms and their access to them, a quantum shift from simplistic and ineffectual notions of habitats as vegetation units or biotopes. In drawing attention to what organisms actually use and need in landscapes, it focuses on resource composition, structure and connectedness, all of which describe habitat quality and underpin landscape heterogeneity. This contrasts with the current bipolar view of landscapes made up of habitat patches and empty matrix but illustrates how such a metapopulation approach of isolated patchworks can grow by adopting the new habitat viewpoint. The book explores principles underlying this new definition of habitat, and the impact of habitat components on populations, species’ distributions, geographical ranges and range changes, with a view to conserving resources in landscapes for whole communities. It does this using the example of butterflies — the most alluring of insects, flagship organisms and key indicators of environmental health — in the British Isles, where they have been studied most intensively. The book forms essential reading for students, researchers and practitioners in ecology and conservation, particularly those concerned with managing sites and landscapes for wildlife. Companion website available at www.wiley.com/go/dennis/butterflies

Full Product Details

Author:   Roger L. H. Dennis
Publisher:   John Wiley and Sons Ltd
Imprint:   Wiley-Blackwell
Dimensions:   Width: 20.10cm , Height: 2.80cm , Length: 25.40cm
Weight:   1.188kg
ISBN:  

9781405199452

ISBN 10:   1405199458
Pages:   432
Publication Date:   15 January 2010
Audience:   College/higher education ,  Professional and scholarly ,  Undergraduate ,  Postgraduate, Research & Scholarly
Format:   Hardback
Publisher's Status:   Out of Print
Availability:   In Print  
Limited stock is available. It will be ordered for you and shipped pending supplier's limited stock.

Table of Contents

Foreword by Dr Martin Warren viii Preface ix Acknowledgements xi 1 WHAT IS A HABITAT? AN AWKWARD QUESTION 1 Definitions of habitat 1 Distinguishing habitat from biotope and vegetation units 2 2 A SIMPLE MODEL FOR BUTTERFLY HABITATS 9 Habitat model 9 Key issues in the habitat model 14 The matrix or so-called empty space 14 Movement in and between habitats 14 Open versus closed populations and species 14 Qualifying resource outlets 15 Consumables 23 Larval hostplants and herbivory 23 Nectar sources and adult food 25 Utilities 27 Adult basking sites and behaviour 29 Mate location sites substrates and behaviour 31 Egg-laying sites and substrates 34 Adult rests and roosts 35 Larval sites for resting and moulting 37 Pupation sites 38 Parasitoids and predators in the resource zones 39 Symbionts and enemy-free space 41 Hibernation and aestivation sites 42 Conditions and conditioners 44 Climatic agents as conditioners 44 Edaphic agents as conditioners 51 Resource database 52 3 BASIC PRINCIPLES FOR BUTTERFLY HABITATS 53 Describing variation in resources 53 Resource composition 53 Resource physiognomy 56 Resource connectivity 59 Resource variation in the habitat space 59 General principles of resource composition 59 General principles of resource physiognomy 60 General principles of resource connectivity 61 Resource dynamics within habitats 62 General principles of resource dynamics 63 General principles of resource composition 66 General principles of resource physiognomy 67 General principles of resource connectivity 67 Habitats butterfly resources and population status 68 Resource dynamics population status and life cycle strategies 74 Principles relating to population size and density 75 Principles relating to stage appearance 75 Resources movements and dispersion patterns inside the habitat 77 4 EXPLOITING INDIVIDUAL RESOURCES 79 Patterns and agents in resource use 79 Some principles relating to single resource use 79 Principles relating to spatial variation in a resource type 80 Principles relating to temporal variation in single resource types 84 Principles relating to individual preferences and behaviour 86 Distribution of individuals in relation to the distribution of resources 87 Distribution of individuals on single resource patches 90 Placement of individual butterflies on single resource items 94 Manipulation of the micro-landscape: micro-architecture 95 Foraging: theory and practice 97 5 BUTTERFLY HABITATS: SEARCHING FOR ORDER 100 Biotope distinctions among British butterflies 101 Biotope associations 101 Principles of biotope properties 103 Principles linking butterflies to biotopes 106 Principles relating to observations made in biotopes 108 Biotopes environmental conditions and niche parameters 108 Principles relating to biotopes over time 112 Principles relating to vegetation succession and regeneration cycles 117 Communities niches and invasibility 120 Ecological classification of British butterflies 121 Hostplant strategies and butterfly habitats 122 Searching for ecological order in butterfly life history and resource use 127 6 THE HABITAT CONTEXT FOR BUTTERFLY POPULATIONS 129 From populations to metapopulations 129 Basic principles of metapopulations 130 The link between structure and dynamics in metapopulations 135 Empirical studies of butterfly metapopulations in Britain: habitat quality matters 136 Metapopulations and a resource view of the matrix 142 Boundary issues between patch and matrix 143 Matrix resources and movements 146 Topology for resource use and movement 152 Principles of movements and resource use in real matrix situations 157 Corridors barriers and aggregations 159 From metapopulations to an entire landscape approach 162 7 LANDSCAPE INFLUENCES ON BUTTERFLY HABITATS 165 Landscape-scale studies 165 Landscape components and their influence on butterfly habitat distributions 167 Substrate chemistry and butterfly habitats 167 Substrate moisture and butterfly habitats 168 Substrate exposure and butterfly habitats 177 Vegetation succession and butterfly habitats 177 Light warmth and butterfly habitats 177 Hierarchy and scale recurrence in factors influencing butterfly habitats 178 Influence of landscape and landform elements on butterfly habitats and resources 179 Landform and landscape features 179 Principles of landform and landscape influences on butterfly biology 190 Butterfly landscape divides at the British Isles scale 192 Landscape refuges for butterfly habitats 192 Case examples of the impact of landscape features on butterfly resources 193 Hill tops and hill-topping: a special case? 193 The significance of slopes and their aspects for butterfly habitats and resources 196 Rural ‘architecture’ and ‘furniture’ and their impact on butterfly resources 200 Translating concepts from the habitat to a landscape scale 204 Landscape-scale studies on butterflies 205 Cautionary principles for landscape-scale studies 205 Empirical findings of remote landscape-scale butterfly studies 209 Landscape modelling approaches 210 8 HABITAT ISSUES IN BUTTERFLY GEOGRAPHICAL RANGES 211 Components of geographical ranges 211 Definitions of range and distribution 211 Measuring geographical ranges 214 Ecological factors underlying ranges and distributions 215 Species’ richness: trends and climate 216 Local population abundance–range size rule 217 Contrasts for species’ geographical ranges: ecological and life history influences 218 Altitudinal limits: upper and lower limits of tolerance 224 The importance of range for sourcing islands with butterfly species 228 Butterfly species in cities and conurbations: changes in diversity and incidence 228 Range changes before records 232 Origins 232 Establishment 236 Present and future distributions: climate and land use changes 238 Recent and future range and distribution changes in Britain: basic habitat issues 243 Range and distribution changes: response to specific agents of change 245 Principles associated with climate change 246 Principles associated with habitat destruction pollution and accident 248 9 HABITATS IN BUTTERFLY CONSERVATION 256 Approaches to conservation and conserving butterflies 256 Species or ‘habitat’ approaches 257 ‘Habitat’ (ƒ­ƒnpatch) versus landscape approach 258 Single species versus multispecies approach 261 The single site in butterfly conservation 262 Basic principles for within habitat conservation 262 Management and development of existing sites 264 Mapping and predicting butterfly habitats 265 Multiple sites in single and multispecies approaches 268 Basic principles for conserving butterfly habitats at the landscape scale 271 Broad principles for conserving landscapes for multispecies 273 Management and development of existing landscapes 273 Guiding principles for landscape restoration 277 Size shape and placement issues for single habitat patches 278 Internal habitat issues for single patches 284 Principles for patchwork creation 285 Principles for creating networks hierarchies and surfaces 286 Introductions 288 Butterflies as indicators and flagship species 292 Appendices 1 Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP) status legal protection and taxonomic relationships for British butterflies 295 1a: Resident and recently extinct species 295 1b: Rare migrants introductions and/or long-extinct species 297 1c: Taxonomic affinities of British butterflies 298 2 Larval hostplants for British butterflies 299 2a: Status of hostplants 299 2b: Hostplant families range of butterfly herbivory and hostplant phenology 312 2c: Larval hostplant biotopes phenology growth forms environments and life history strategies 314 3 Nectar sources of British butterflies 320 3a: Key flowering nectar plants used by butterfly species 320 3b: Nectar plants supporting 10 or more butterfly species 332 3c: Nectar plant families supporting six or more butterfly species 333 3d: Nectar plants used by butterflies more often or less often than expected 334 3e: Adult feeding: nectar and non-nectar sources 335 4 Statistics on larval host use and adult feeding in British butterflies 337 5 Utility resources and life history data on British butterflies 339 5a: Adult environment 339 5b: Egg environment 341 5c: Larval environment 343 5d: Pupal environment 345 5e: Life history 346 6 Adult and larval behaviour in British butterflies 348 6a: Adult behaviour 348 6b: Larval behaviour 350 7 Biotopes for British butterflies 352 References 354 Index 389 www.wiley.com/go/dennis/butterflies

Reviews

[The] book should also inspire a wide range of people working on different taxonomic groups. ( Journal of Insect Conservation , July 2010)

This book is an exceptional personal achievement as it provides a treatment of the ecological requirements of British butterflies based largely upon the author's lifetime of field observation and his collaborations with others . . . This is a remarkable synthesis of observation and independent thought and I am sure I will use my copy as a source of reference for a very diverse range of ecological topics as well. (British Ecological Society Bulletin, 2011) A series of interesting appendices on host plant and nectar plant resources and other utility resources and life history data on British butterflies will be a useful source of information to several researchers and students . . . I recommend this highly interesting and stimulating book to all conservation biologists, entomologists, and students in the field of conservation, entomology or general ecology. . . I see no reasons for not buying this book. (J Insect Conserv, 2010) This splendid book, lavishly produced and beautifully illustrated, is a ?must have' publication not only for lepidopterologists, but also for any entomologist interested in insect ecology and conservation. (Fragmenta Entomologica, 2011) The author is a leading authority on butterflies, who has published both academic papers and books and this depth of knowledge is clearly evident in the book...The appendices alone are an achievement, useful to anyone who wants to quickly check larval hostplants, popular nectar sources or even the BAP status of species. (British Wildlife, January 2011) This ponderous book not only uses an enormous amount of literature data, but takes advantage from the life-span experience of the author...The entire book is splendidly illustrated. There are an extraordinary number of graphs (many original) and a good selection of beautiful photographs to illustrate biotopes and species. Printing quality is excellent. The price is fully justified and it is important to know that the author has offered to donate the royalties towards the work of Butterfly Conservation. The book should be essential reading for students and researchers in ecology and conservation, and those concerned with environmental management and assessment. (Biological Conservation, January 2011) Personally, I find this one of the most significant books published in my field over the last few years. I recommend this highly interesting and stimulating book to all conservation biologists, entomologists, and students in the field of conservation, entomology or general ecology. (British Wildlife , January 2011) [The] book should also inspire a wide range of people working on different taxonomic groups. (Journal of Insect Conservation, July 2010)

[The] book should also inspire a wide range of people working on different taxonomic groups. (Journal of Insect Conservation, July 2010)

This book is an exceptional personal achievement as it provides a treatment of the ecological requirements of British butterflies based largely upon the author's lifetime of field observation and his collaborations with others ... This is a remarkable synthesis of observation and independent thought and I am sure I will use my copy as a source of reference for a very diverse range of ecological topics as well. (British Ecological Society Bulletin, 2011) A series of interesting appendices on host plant and nectar plant resources and other utility resources and life history data on British butterflies will be a useful source of information to several researchers and students ... I recommend this highly interesting and stimulating book to all conservation biologists, entomologists, and students in the field of conservation, entomology or general ecology... I see no reasons for not buying this book. (J Insect Conserv, 2010) This splendid book, lavishly produced and beautifully illustrated, is a 'must have' publication not only for lepidopterologists, but also for any entomologist interested in insect ecology and conservation. (Fragmenta Entomologica, 2011) The author is a leading authority on butterflies, who has published both academic papers and books and this depth of knowledge is clearly evident in the book...The appendices alone are an achievement, useful to anyone who wants to quickly check larval hostplants, popular nectar sources or even the BAP status of species. ( British Wildlife, January 2011) This ponderous book not only uses an enormous amount of literature data, but takes advantage from the life-span experience of the author...The entire book is splendidly illustrated. There are an extraordinary number of graphs (many original) and a good selection of beautiful photographs to illustrate biotopes and species. Printing quality is excellent. The price is fully justified and it is important to know that the author has offered to donate the royalties towards the work of Butterfly Conservation. The book should be essential reading for students and researchers in ecology and conservation, and those concerned with environmental management and assessment. ( Biological Conservation , January 2011) Personally, I find this one of the most significant books published in my field over the last few years. I recommend this highly interesting and stimulating book to all conservation biologists, entomologists, and students in the field of conservation, entomology or general ecology. ( British Wildlife , January 2011) [The] book should also inspire a wide range of people working on different taxonomic groups. ( Journal of Insect Conservation , July 2010)

Author Information

ROGER DENNIS is currently an Honorary Visiting Professor at Staffordshire University and an Honorary Research Fellow at both NERC’s Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, and in the School of Life Sciences at Oxford Brookes University; he serves on the editorial board of four journals. He has received a succession of honorary research fellowships during which he has studied butterfly biogeography and ecology, producing over 175 publications. In 2006, he received the Marsh Award for Lifetime Achievement in Lepidoptera Conservation.

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